{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:47:01Z","timestamp":1785552421882,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA-NS003144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA-NS003144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00NS126492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00NS126492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Classic lesion case-control studies suggest minimal involvement of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in visual working memory (VWM), particularly for simple stimulus features like colour or orientation. However, recent intracranial recordings implicate the MTL\u2014especially the hippocampus\u2014in supporting VWM precision by distinguishing similar visual features to reduce representational variability during short retention intervals. Meanwhile, reports that MTL activity scales with VWM set size have raised the possibility that the MTL contributes not only to the quality but also the quantity of retained VWM content\u2014an idea motivated by models positing a unitary memory strength metric to account for behavioural expressions of both VWM quantity and quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To clarify the extent to which MTL lesions affect VWM quality, quantity or both, we examined VWM recall performance in 40 neurological cases with drug-resistant epilepsy before and after their brain surgery for seizure treatment. Of these, 19 had lesions involving the hippocampus, while 21 had either no lesions or lesions outside the hippocampus. Using a controlled VWM task with fixed set size and minimal non-target recall errors, we modelled participants\u2019 recall responses to estimate recall variability as an inverse measure of VWM precision and the probability of recall success as the proportion of trials not attributable to failed, uniform recall responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We found that lesions affecting the hippocampus in the MTL led to a significant increase in recall variability, indicating reduced VWM precision after surgery. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping further revealed a robust association between hippocampal damage and increased recall variability, even after controlling for overall brain lesion volume. In contrast, total lesion volume\u2014but not hippocampal lesion extent\u2014predicted reduced recall success rate, suggesting that broader lesion burden constrains how much content is retained, resulting in more failed recall responses. An alternative model assuming a unitary memory strength metric captured the overall performance decline with increasing total lesion volume but could not account for the MTL-specific effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Together, these findings highlight the MTL\u2019s role in preserving the fidelity\u2014rather than the mere presence\u2014of VWM representations. They challenge models that treat VWM quality and quantity as interchangeable consequences of a single underlying memory strength parameter. By identifying distinct neural correlates for each component, our results point to VWM precision as a sensitive behavioural marker\u2014one that may be useful for tracking functional changes in individuals with memory impairment, including those with focal brain lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:36:17Z","timestamp":1760618177000},"page":"1679-1690","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Medial temporal lobe lesions reduce visual working memory precision"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Yoojeong","family":"Choo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanikaa P","family":"Thakurdesai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asbah","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oceane E","family":"Fruchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha N","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhika","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara K","family":"Inati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8575-3578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kareem A","family":"Zaghloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland , Baltimore, MD 21201 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1971.0078","article-title":"Simple memory: A theory for archicortex","volume":"262","author":"Marr","year":"1971","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.010","article-title":"Resolving new memories: A critical look at the dentate gyrus, adult neurogenesis, and pattern separation","volume":"70","author":"Aimone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-024-01648-y","article-title":"Discrimination of mnemonic similarity is associated with short-term and long-term memory precision","volume":"53","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mem Cognit."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.12.014","article-title":"A task to assess behavioral pattern separation (BPS) in humans: Data from healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"51","author":"Stark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000432","article-title":"Healthy ageing reduces the precision of episodic memory retrieval","volume":"35","author":"Korkki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Aging."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617719000183","article-title":"Poor sleep quality and compromised visual working memory capacity","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033236","article-title":"Age-related decline of precision and binding in visual working memory","volume":"28","author":"Peich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Aging."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000565","article-title":"Age differences in the precision of memory at short and long delays","volume":"35","author":"Rhodes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Aging."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001476","article-title":"Demands on perceptual and mnemonic fidelity are a key determinant of age-related cognitive decline throughout the lifespan","volume":"153","author":"Gellersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.06.006","article-title":"Pattern separation in the hippocampus","volume":"34","author":"Yassa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"C","key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2015.07.008","article-title":"Pattern separation, completion, and categorisation in the hippocampus and neocortex","volume":"129","author":"Rolls","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-017-0065-1","article-title":"Integrating new findings and examining clinical applications of pattern separation","volume":"21","author":"Leal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.024018.111","article-title":"Working memory, long-term memory, and medial temporal lobe function","volume":"19","author":"Jeneson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.037127.114","article-title":"Hippocampus contributes to the maintenance but not the quality of visual information over time","volume":"22","author":"Warren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01529-5","article-title":"The medial temporal lobe supports the quality of visual short-term memory representation","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.20.1.11","article-title":"Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions","volume":"20","author":"Scoville","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.12.007","article-title":"The distributed nature of working memory","volume":"21","author":"Christophel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3584","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6444-11.2012","article-title":"Visual working memory capacity and the medial temporal lobe","volume":"32","author":"Jeneson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(68)90019-5","article-title":"Visual recognition and recall after right temporal-lobe excision in man","volume":"6","author":"Milner","year":"1968","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4818","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0710-08.2008","article-title":"Working memory and the organization of brain systems","volume":"28","author":"Shrager","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.2010711","article-title":"The role of the hippocampus in retaining relational information across short delays: The importance of memory load","volume":"18","author":"Jeneson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01003922","article-title":"The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity","volume":"24","author":"Cowan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107227","article-title":"Visual working memory impairments for single items following medial temporal lobe damage","volume":"134","author":"Goodrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06860","article-title":"Discrete fixed-resolution representations in visual working memory","volume":"453","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-017-0739-7","article-title":"Dissociations of the number and precision of visual short-term memory representations in change detection","volume":"45","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mem Cognit."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2017.07.001","article-title":"Clear evidence for item limits in visual working memory","volume":"97","author":"Adam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogn Psychol."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.05.030","article-title":"The hippocampus supports high-resolution binding in the service of perception, working memory and long-term memory","volume":"254","author":"Yonelinas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22106","article-title":"Contributions of the hippocampal subfields and entorhinal cortex to disambiguation during working memory","volume":"23","author":"Newmark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2024.07.008","article-title":"Re-evaluating human MTL in working memory: Insights from intracranial recordings","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7304","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1778-08.2008","article-title":"Interactions between medial temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, and inferior temporal regions during visual working memory: A combined intracranial EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"28","author":"Axmacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119123","article-title":"Persistent neuronal firing in the medial temporal lobe supports performance and workload of visual working memory in humans","volume":"254","author":"Boran","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav3687","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav3687","article-title":"Persistent hippocampal neural firing and hippocampal-cortical coupling predict verbal working memory load","volume":"5","author":"Boran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02447","article-title":"Neural activity predicts individual differences in visual working memory capacity","volume":"428","author":"Vogel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7878473","article-title":"Storage of 7 \u00b1 2 short-term memories in oscillatory subcycles","volume":"267","author":"Lisman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt129","article-title":"Binding deficits in memory following medial temporal lobe damage in patients with voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibody-associated limbic encephalitis","volume":"136","author":"Pertzov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.131.1.48","article-title":"Binding in short-term visual memory","volume":"131","author":"Wheeler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.023","article-title":"Storage and binding of object features in visual working memory","volume":"49","author":"Bays","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158023","article-title":"Dynamic shifts of limited working memory resources in human vision","volume":"321","author":"Bays","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8780","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117465109","article-title":"Variability in encoding precision accounts for visual short-term memory limitations","volume":"109","author":"van den Berg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6516","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5732-12.2013","article-title":"Distributed patterns of activity in sensory cortex reflect the precision of multiple items maintained in visual short-term memory","volume":"33","author":"Emrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.006","article-title":"Distributed patterns of occipito-parietal functional connectivity predict the precision of visual working memory","volume":"146","author":"Galeano Weber","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4596","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1923-05.2006","article-title":"Working memory for conjunctions relies on the medial temporal lobe","volume":"26","author":"Olson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8352","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5222-05.2006","article-title":"The long and the short of it: Relational memory impairments in amnesia, even at short lags","volume":"26","author":"Hannula","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.8.1.32","article-title":"The medial temporal lobe and visual working memory: Comparisons across tasks, delays, and visual similarity","volume":"8","author":"Ezzyat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20641","article-title":"Medial temporal lobe activity during complex discrimination of faces, objects, and scenes: Effects of viewpoint","volume":"20","author":"Barense","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.05.023","article-title":"The human medial temporal lobe processes online representations of complex objects","volume":"45","author":"Barense","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-00938-0","article-title":"Psychophysical scaling reveals a unified theory of visual memory strength","volume":"4","author":"Schurgin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797620903718","article-title":"Correlated individual differences in the estimated precision of working memory and long-term memory: Commentary on the study by Biderman, Luria, Teodorescu, Hajaj, and Goshen-Gottstein (2019)","volume":"31","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Sci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.05.009","article-title":"Lesion studies in contemporary neuroscience","volume":"23","author":"Vaidya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2023.10.001","article-title":"Lesion mapping in neuropsychological research: A practical and conceptual guide","volume":"170","author":"Moore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1167\/4.12.11","article-title":"A detection theory account of change detection","volume":"4","author":"Wilken","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vis."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23678","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23678","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation over bilateral temporal lobes modulates hippocampal-occipital functional connectivity and visual short-term memory precision","volume":"35","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00811","article-title":"The contribution of attentional lapses to individual differences in visual working memory capacity","volume":"27","author":"Adam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0079-x","article-title":"Sustained attention in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy controls: Enhanced sensitivity with dual-task load","volume":"168","author":"Dockree","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23401","article-title":"The hippocampus supports high-precision binding in visual working memory","volume":"32","author":"Borders","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000159","article-title":"Negative emotion boosts quality of visual working memory representation","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-021-01688-1","article-title":"Mixtur: An R package for designing, analysing, and modelling continuous report visual short-term memory studies","volume":"54","author":"Grange","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098604","DOI":"10.3389\/fnimg.2022.1098604","article-title":"A standardized protocol for manually segmenting stroke lesions on high-resolution T1-weighted MR images","volume":"1","author":"Lo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neuroimaging."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0014","article-title":"AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages","volume":"29","author":"Cox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput Biomed Res."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015","article-title":"User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: Significantly improved efficiency and reliability","volume":"31","author":"Yushkevich","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B62","volume-title":"Permutation tests: A practical guide to resampling methods for testing hypotheses","author":"Good","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000290","article-title":"Categorical working memory representations are used in delayed estimation of continuous colors","volume":"43","author":"Hardman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/13506285.2022.2044947","article-title":"Does motor noise contaminate estimates of the precision of visual working memory?","volume":"30","author":"Sutterer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vis Cogn."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.05.025","article-title":"Negative emotion enhances mnemonic precision and subjective feelings of remembering in visual long-term memory","volume":"166","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02322.x","article-title":"Sudden death and gradual decay in visual working memory","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Sci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000274","article-title":"A dual-trace model for visual sensory memory","volume":"42","author":"Cappiello","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24289","article-title":"A multivariate lesion symptom mapping toolbox and examination of lesion-volume biases and correction methods in lesion-symptom mapping","volume":"39","author":"DeMarco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.111.1.172","article-title":"Comparing correlated correlation coefficients","volume":"111","author":"Meng","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83365","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.83365","article-title":"The entorhinal-DG\/CA3 pathway in the medial temporal lobe retains visual working memory of a simple surface feature","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1990-20.2020","article-title":"Representation of contralateral visual space in the human hippocampus","volume":"41","author":"Silson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.7.1087","article-title":"Visual working memory is impaired when the medial temporal lobe is damaged","volume":"18","author":"Olson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.011","article-title":"The medial temporal lobe supports sensing-based visual working memory","volume":"89","author":"Goodrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a054053","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.054053.124","article-title":"The role of the parahippocampal cortex in memory consolidation for scenes","volume":"32","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0001139","article-title":"Negative emotion reduces visual working memory recall variability: A meta-analytical review","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2017.1340261","article-title":"Mood-dependent retrieval in visual long-term memory: Dissociable effects on retrieval probability and mnemonic precision","volume":"32","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cogn Emot."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.042","article-title":"Binding in visual working memory: The role of the episodic buffer","volume":"49","author":"Baddeley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195932","article-title":"Location and binding in visual working memory","volume":"34","author":"Treisman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mem Cognit."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107341","article-title":"Precision, binding, and the hippocampus: Precisely what are we talking about?","volume":"138","author":"Ekstrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-013-0541-y","article-title":"The privileged role of location in visual working memory","volume":"76","author":"Pertzov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atten Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)01964-2","article-title":"When a good fit can be bad","volume":"6","author":"Pitt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12052","article-title":"Working memory recall precision is a more sensitive index than span","volume":"9","author":"Zokaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuropsychol."},{"key":"2026050508322622100_awaf397-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0606-6","article-title":"Real-time triggering reveals concurrent lapses of attention and working memory","volume":"3","author":"deBettencourt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav."}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awaf397\/64789983\/awaf397.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/149\/5\/1679\/64789983\/awaf397.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/149\/5\/1679\/64789983\/awaf397.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:32:43Z","timestamp":1777984363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/149\/5\/1679\/8292950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awaf397","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8950","1460-2156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]}}}