{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:01:32Z","timestamp":1791478892739,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AG006786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG006786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 AG016574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 AG016574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37 AG011378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 AG011378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 AG041851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 AG041851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS097495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS097495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG056366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG056366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AG069052-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AG069052-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Associations of Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarker progression with cognitive decline are important to inform patient prognosis. Of particular interest is how newly available plasma biomarkers evolve relative to cognitive decline. The goals of this work are to measure how much earlier versus later an individual\u2019s progression on plasma and PET Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers is associated with earlier versus later cognitive progression and to estimate the average timeline of progression of these processes in the population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this cohort study of 2369 Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) and 1591 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants, we fit non-linear mixed-effects models to estimate how much earlier versus later each individual progresses on plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)217, amyloid PET, tau PET and auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) sum of trials relative to the population mean (individual adjustment), the associations of these individual adjustments among biomarker pairs and how covariates affect the timing of biomarker progression. The association of individual adjustments implies mechanistic associations and the amount of variability in cognitive decline accounted for by each biomarker. By applying cut-off points, we also estimated the relative timing that these biomarkers become abnormal in the population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Associations of individual adjustments were moderate between all biomarkers and AVLT (R = 0.38\u20130.47) in the MCSA and stronger (R = 0.74\u20130.81) in ADNI; plasma p-tau217 accounted for 16% of the variability in timing of AVLT decline in the MCSA and 64% in ADNI. APOE \u025b4 carriership was associated with earlier biomarker progression. AVLT became abnormal after the biomarkers up to age 90, after which AVLT was estimated to become abnormal prior to tau biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The association of the timing of plasma and PET Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarker progression with cognitive decline was modest in the MCSA population-based sample and stronger in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease-enriched ADNI cohort. The timing of plasma p-tau217 progression explained a similar degree of variability in AVLT progression as amyloid PET, supporting its utility as a marker of disease progression. The estimated temporal ordering of biomarkers and cognitive abnormality was as anticipated (amyloid, tau, cognition) up to the age of 90, beyond which AVLT was estimated to become abnormal prior to tau biomarkers, likely related to the effects of non-Alzheimer\u2019s disease co-pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awag075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:39:23Z","timestamp":1771936763000},"page":"3002-3014","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modelling the temporal evolution of plasma p-tau217, amyloid PET, tau PET and cognition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8128-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petrice M","family":"Cogswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily S","family":"Lundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry M","family":"Therneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E","family":"Griswold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS 39216 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J","family":"Wiste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary M","family":"Machulda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikki H","family":"Stricker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel B","family":"Braunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C2N Diagnostics , St. Louis, MO 63110 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C2N Diagnostics , St. Louis, MO 63110 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip B","family":"Verghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C2N Diagnostics , St. Louis, MO 63110 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2770-0691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Graff-Radford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4455-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Algeciras-Schimnich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val J","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1466-8357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher G","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L","family":"Senjem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L","family":"Gunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6544-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S","family":"Knopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4286-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prashanthi","family":"Vemuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7916-622X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clifford R","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01382-x","article-title":"Biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"27","author":"Hansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acae019","article-title":"Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s and related dementias: A review and outlook for clinical neuropsychology","volume":"39","author":"Dark","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-230029","article-title":"Plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A review of available assays, recent developments, and implications for clinical practice","volume":"7","author":"Pais","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00403-3","article-title":"Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease in clinical practice and trials","volume":"3","author":"Hansson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.06.001","article-title":"Levels of tau protein in plasma are associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive function in a population-based elderly cohort","volume":"12","author":"Dage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23746-0","article-title":"Plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease improve prediction of cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired elderly populations","volume":"12","author":"Cullen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.5272","article-title":"Prediction of longitudinal cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer disease using plasma biomarkers","volume":"80","author":"Mattsson-Carlgren","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26308","article-title":"Plasma p-tau231, p-tau181, PET biomarkers, and cognitive change in older adults","volume":"91","author":"Meyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab163","article-title":"Plasma markers predict changes in amyloid, tau, atrophy and cognition in non-demented subjects","volume":"144","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-325537","article-title":"Associations of longitudinal plasma p-tau181 and NfL with tau-PET, A\u03b2-PET and cognition","volume":"92","author":"Rauchmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12916","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312916","article-title":"Role of blood P-tau isoforms (181, 217, 231) in predicting conversion from MCI to dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Lombardi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12724","article-title":"Plasma A\u03b242\/40 ratio, p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study in the AIBL cohort","volume":"19","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13651","article-title":"Comparison of plasma biomarkers and amyloid PET for predicting memory decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals","volume":"20","author":"Jack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.122","article-title":"Amyloid and tau prediction of cognitive and functional decline in unimpaired older individuals: Longitudinal data from the A4 and LEARN studies","volume":"11","author":"Sperling","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa286","article-title":"Longitudinal plasma p-tau217 is increased in early stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"143","author":"Mattsson-Carlgren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4986","article-title":"Longitudinal associations of blood phosphorylated Tau181 and neurofilament light chain with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease","volume":"78","author":"Moscoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02074-w","article-title":"Differential roles of A\u03b242\/40, p-tau231 and p-tau217 for Alzheimer\u2019s trial selection and disease monitoring","volume":"28","author":"Ashton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13539","article-title":"Modeling the temporal evolution of plasma p-tau in relation to amyloid beta and tau PET","volume":"20","author":"Cogswell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4335","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13157","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in Alzheimer\u2019s-related plasma biomarkers and brain amyloid","volume":"19","author":"Bilgel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa399","article-title":"Time course of phosphorylated-tau181 in blood across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease spectrum","volume":"144","author":"Moscoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118440","article-title":"Relationships between \u03b2-amyloid and tau in an elderly population: An accelerated failure time model","volume":"242","author":"Therneau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38878-8","article-title":"Evidence against a temporal association between cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease imaging biomarkers","volume":"14","author":"Cogswell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617720000752","article-title":"Mayo normative studies: Regression-based normative data for the auditory verbal learning test for ages 30\u201391 years and the importance of adjusting for sex","volume":"27","author":"Stricker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12325","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12325","article-title":"Mayo normative studies: A conditional normative model for longitudinal change on the auditory verbal learning test and preliminary validation in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Alden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000341782.71418.6c","article-title":"Educational attainment and cognitive decline in old age","volume":"72","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100620920576","article-title":"Education and cognitive functioning across the life span","volume":"21","author":"L\u00f6vd\u00e9n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Sci Public Interest"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540240042014","article-title":"Reliability and validity of NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative","volume":"51","author":"Blacker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity","volume":"256","author":"Petersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1159\/000115751","article-title":"The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging: Design and sampling, participation, baseline measures and sample characteristics","volume":"30","author":"Roberts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2293","article-title":"Comparison of plasma phosphorylated tau species with amyloid and tau positron emission tomography, neurodegeneration, vascular pathology, and cognitive outcomes","volume":"78","author":"Mielke","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.13855","article-title":"Blood biomarkers to detect Alzheimer disease in primary care and secondary care","volume":"332","author":"Palmqvist","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20009","article-title":"Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B","volume":"55","author":"Klunk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.08.005","article-title":"Defining imaging biomarker cut points for brain aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Jack","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180749","article-title":"A comparison of partial volume correction techniques for measuring change in serial amyloid PET SUVR","volume":"67","author":"Schwarz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.01.057","article-title":"Reducing between scanner differences in multi-center PET studies","volume":"46","author":"Joshi","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.07.003","article-title":"The centiloid project: Standardizing quantitative amyloid plaque estimation by PET","volume":"11","author":"Klunk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B37","volume-title":"L\u2019 examen clinique en psychologie","author":"Rey"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.09.079","article-title":"Tau-positron emission tomography correlates with neuropathology findings","volume":"16","author":"Lowe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01822-2","article-title":"Performance of plasma phosphorylated tau 181 and 217 in the community","volume":"28","author":"Mielke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.03.014","article-title":"Neuropsychological subtypes of incident mild cognitive impairment in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging","volume":"15","author":"Machulda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181e56d5a","article-title":"Defining mild cognitive impairment: Impact of varying decision criteria on neuropsychological diagnostic frequencies and correlates","volume":"18","author":"Schinka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26071","article-title":"NIA-AA Alzheimer\u2019s disease framework: Clinical characterization of stages","volume":"89","author":"Petersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004826","article-title":"Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment [RETIRED]: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"90","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2013.836567","article-title":"Practice effects and longitudinal cognitive change in normal aging vs. incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging","volume":"27","author":"Machulda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2016.1241303","article-title":"Practice effects and longitudinal cognitive change in clinically normal older adults differ by Alzheimer imaging biomarker status","volume":"31","author":"Machulda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25123","article-title":"Person-specific contribution of neuropathologies to cognitive loss in old age","volume":"83","author":"Boyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70291-0","article-title":"Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Jack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14398","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114398","article-title":"Tau PET correlates with different Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related features compared to CSF and plasma p-tau biomarkers","volume":"13","author":"Ossenkoppele","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12480","article-title":"Contribution of Alzheimer\u2019s biomarkers and risk factors to cognitive impairment and decline across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum","volume":"18","author":"Tosun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02049-x","article-title":"Amyloid and tau PET-positive cognitively unimpaired individuals are at high risk for future cognitive decline","volume":"28","author":"Ossenkoppele","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.1424","article-title":"Association of amyloid and tau with cognition in preclinical Alzheimer disease: A longitudinal study","volume":"76","author":"Hanseeuw","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7437","article-title":"Associations of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration biomarker profiles with rates of memory decline among individuals without dementia","volume":"321","author":"Jack","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2845","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011029","article-title":"Brain amyloid \u03b2, cerebral small vessel disease, and cognition: A memory clinic study","volume":"95","author":"Saridin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809437","article-title":"Longitudinal modeling of age-related memory decline and the APOE \u03b54 effect","volume":"361","author":"Caselli","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.020","article-title":"Amyloid PET and cognitive decline in cognitively normal individuals: The SCIENCe project","volume":"79","author":"Timmers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12895","article-title":"Mayo-PACC: A parsimonious preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease cognitive composite comprised of public-domain measures to facilitate clinical translation","volume":"19","author":"Stricker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000074387","article-title":"Gender differences in level and change in cognitive functioning: Results from the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam","volume":"50","author":"Aartsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027506294245","article-title":"Education and cognitive decline in older Americans: Results from the AHEAD sample","volume":"29","author":"Alley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res Aging"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B59","first-page":"1","article-title":"The temporal event-based model: Learning event timelines in progressive diseases","volume":"1","author":"Wijeratne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Imaging Neurosci (Camb)"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-02000-6","article-title":"Tau PET positivity in individuals with and without cognitive impairment varies with age, amyloid-\u03b2 status, APOE genotype and sex","volume":"28","author":"Ossenkoppele","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.7817","article-title":"Frequency and clinical outcomes associated with tau positron emission tomography positivity","volume":"334","author":"Moscoso","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac333","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison of 10 plasma phospho-tau assays in prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"146","author":"Janelidze","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4201","article-title":"Associations of plasma phospho-Tau217 levels with tau positron emission tomography in early Alzheimer disease","volume":"78","author":"Janelidze","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859","article-title":"Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Alzheimer\u2019s Association Workgroup","volume":"20","author":"Jack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3180","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison of 8 plasma amyloid-\u03b2 42\/40 assays in Alzheimer disease","volume":"78","author":"Janelidze","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac213","article-title":"Multi-method investigation of factors influencing amyloid onset and impairment in three cohorts","volume":"145","author":"Betthauser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711273722200_awag075-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02982.x","article-title":"Modeling cognitive trajectories within longitudinal studies: A focus on elders","volume":"58","author":"Steinerman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awag075\/67106956\/awag075.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/149\/9\/3002\/67106956\/awag075.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/149\/9\/3002\/67106956\/awag075.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:27:53Z","timestamp":1788794873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/149\/9\/3002\/8497186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awag075","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8950","1460-2156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]}}}