{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T01:51:28Z","timestamp":1791510688151,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005984","name":"Dr Miriam and Sheldon G Adelson Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005984","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"NINDS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000381","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007155","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203151\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203151\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C197\/A29580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C197\/A29580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C197\/A17242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C197\/A17242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C9685\/A25177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C9685\/A25177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Demyelination, the loss of the myelin sheath from around otherwise intact axons, occurs in several diseases, most notably multiple sclerosis (MS). Demyelinated axons that are not remyelinated are vulnerable to irreversible degeneration and therefore therapies that enhance remyelination have been sought. However, there remains a paucity of suitable outcome measures to assess their efficacy. MRI is a non-invasive imaging modality that is used both preclinically and clinically for the assessment of anatomy and tissue function. Here we describe an MRI technique for following the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into oligodendrocytes during the spontaneous regenerative process of remyelination in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>OPCs were transduced in situ with a lentiviral vector expressing an organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP1A1) under the control of the differentiation-specific myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter. OATP1A1 mediates cell uptake of a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (Primovist), allowing detection of the cells in T1-weighted MR images. Uptake of the contrast agent is restricted to MBP-expressing cells, which is most highly expressed during myelin sheath formation, thereby allowing progenitor-mediated, and potentially oligodendrocyte-mediated, remyelination to be monitored non-invasively in vivo using MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>These findings provide the foundation for the development of direct methods for assessing the efficacy of pro-remyelination therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awag127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T11:26:23Z","timestamp":1776770783000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Imaging progenitor cell differentiation during CNS remyelination using an MRI gene reporter"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Eliane E S","family":"Brechb\u00fchl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0RE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myfanwy F E","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0AW ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Neurosciences, , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Civia Z","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0AW ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Neurosciences, , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hallie F","family":"Gaitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0AW ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Neurosciences, , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Translational Neuroradiology Section, NINDS, NIH , Bethesda, MD 20824 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0RE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Porcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0RE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0RE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2628-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroradiology Section, NINDS, NIH , Bethesda, MD 20824 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin J M","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0AW ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Neurosciences, , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3883-6287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin M","family":"Brindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0RE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.05.049","article-title":"Treatment of multiple sclerosis: A review","volume":"133","author":"Hauser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6832","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812500106","article-title":"Extensive remyelination of the CNS leads to functional recovery","volume":"106","author":"Duncan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2797","article-title":"Myelination and the trophic support of long axons","volume":"11","author":"Nave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B4","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes: Myelination and axonal support","volume":"8","author":"Simons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094309","article-title":"Axon-glial signaling and the glial support of axon function","volume":"31","author":"Nave","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0485-1","article-title":"Remyelination and multiple sclerosis: Therapeutic approaches and challenges","volume":"14","author":"Hartley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2009.08.003","article-title":"The role of CNS glia in preserving axon function","volume":"19","author":"Edgar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051852","article-title":"The GPR17 receptor-A promising goal for therapy and a potential marker of the neurodegenerative process in multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Dziedzic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.08.015","article-title":"Metformin restores CNS remyelination capacity by rejuvenating aged stem cells","volume":"25","author":"Neumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2702","article-title":"Retinoid X receptor gamma signaling accelerates CNS remyelination","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3618","article-title":"Micropillar arrays as a high-throughput screening platform for therapeutics in multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Mei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12647","article-title":"A regenerative approach to the treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"502","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430311","article-title":"Correlations between monthly enhanced MRI lesion rate and changes in T2 lesion volume in multiple sclerosis","volume":"43","author":"Molyneux","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B14","first-page":"10S","article-title":"Clinical-magnetic resonance imaging correlations in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Zivadinov","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285613478870","article-title":"Neuroradiological evaluation of demyelinating disease","volume":"6","author":"Tillema","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.3.495","article-title":"The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS. A 10-year follow-up","volume":"121","author":"O'Riordan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12433","article-title":"Characterizing clinical and MRI dissociation in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Healy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24641","article-title":"Radiological-pathological correlation of diffusion tensor and magnetization transfer imaging in a closed head traumatic brain injury model","volume":"79","author":"Tu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22244","article-title":"Quantitative magnetization transfer and myelin water imaging of the evolution of acute multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"63","author":"Levesque","year":"2010","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20231","article-title":"The role of edema and demyelination in chronic T1 black holes: A quantitative magnetization transfer study","volume":"21","author":"Levesque","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22350","article-title":"Reproducibility of quantitative magnetization-transfer imaging parameters from repeated measurements","volume":"64","author":"Levesque","year":"2010","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20202","article-title":"Magnetization transfer ratio and myelin in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"56","author":"Schmierer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200006)11:6<586::AID-JMRI3>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Magnetization transfer and multicomponent T2 relaxation measurements with histopathologic correlation in an experimental model of MS","volume":"11","author":"Gareau","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.38","article-title":"Reversal of low-grade cerebral edema after lactulose\/rifaximin therapy in patients with cirrhosis and minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"6","author":"Rai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181e3de90","article-title":"Rostrocaudal analysis of corpus callosum demyelination and axon damage across disease stages refines diffusion tensor imaging correlations with pathological features","volume":"69","author":"Xie","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.01.028","article-title":"Demyelination increases radial diffusivity in corpus callosum of mouse brain","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1267","article-title":"Dysmyelination revealed through MRI as increased radial (but unchanged axial) diffusion of water","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.07.005","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging detects and differentiates axon and myelin degeneration in mouse optic nerve after retinal ischemia","volume":"20","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W26","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11365","article-title":"Diffusion kurtosis imaging: An emerging technique for evaluating the microstructural environment of the brain","volume":"202","author":"Steven","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.849425","article-title":"The application of diffusion kurtosis imaging on the heterogeneous white matter in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-160033","article-title":"Magnetic resonance of myelin water: An in vivo marker for myelin","volume":"2","author":"MacKay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Plast"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25198","article-title":"MRI-based myelin water imaging: A technical review","volume":"73","author":"Alonso-Ortiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.03.005","article-title":"Micro-compartment specific T2* relaxation in the brain","volume":"77","author":"Sati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2698-10.2011","article-title":"Longitudinal near-infrared imaging of myelination","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.5A6901.2006","article-title":"A novel fluorescent probe that is brain permeable and selectively binds to myelin","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-160042","article-title":"Imaging central nervous system demyelination and remyelination by positron-emission tomography","volume":"2","author":"Bodini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Plast"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22320","article-title":"Imaging central nervous system myelin by positron emission tomography in multiple sclerosis using [methyl-11C]-2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)- 6-hydroxybenzothiazole","volume":"69","author":"Stankoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9304","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600769103","article-title":"Imaging of CNS myelin by positron-emission tomography","volume":"103","author":"Stankoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319000111","article-title":"Dual-modality gene reporter for in vivo imaging","volume":"111","author":"Patrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111424","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes in development, myelin generation and beyond","volume":"8","author":"Kuhn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8150","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.10.8150-8157.1998","article-title":"Development of a self-inactivating lentivirus vector","volume":"72","author":"Miyoshi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.37","article-title":"Production and purification of lentiviral vectors","volume":"1","author":"Tiscornia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.22","article-title":"Production, concentration and titration of pseudotyped HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors","volume":"4","author":"Kutner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.118.080770","article-title":"Transport kinetics, selective inhibition, and successful prediction of in vivo inhibition of rat hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides","volume":"46","author":"Ishida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B45","volume-title":"eMagRes","author":"Wong","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22394","article-title":"Optimal radiofrequency and gradient spoiling for improved accuracy of T1 and B1 measurements using fast steady-state techniques","volume":"63","author":"Yarnykh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1934-z","article-title":"Imagej2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data","volume":"18","author":"Rueden","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4401","article-title":"Ex vivo gadoxetate relaxivities in rat liver tissue and blood at five magnetic field strengths from 1.41 to 7 T","volume":"34","author":"Ziemian","year":"2021","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197213","article-title":"A multi-center preclinical study of gadoxetate DCE-MRI in rats as a biomarker of drug induced inhibition of liver transporter function","volume":"13","author":"Karageorgis","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(19990201)25:3<216::AID-GLIA2>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Demyelination and remyelination of the caudal cerebellar peduncle of adult rats following stereotaxic injections of lysolecithin, ethidium bromide, and complement\/anti-galactocerebroside: A comparative study","volume":"25","author":"Woodruff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg126","article-title":"Impaired remyelination and depletion of oligodendrocyte progenitors does not occur following repeated episodes of focal demyelination in the rat central nervous system","volume":"126","author":"Penderis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2015.00161","article-title":"Atlas of the postnatal rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates","volume":"9","author":"Khazipov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat."},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/93.3.491","article-title":"Adaptive linear step-up procedures that control the false discovery rate","volume":"93","author":"Benjamini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt957","article-title":"Correction of multi-gene deficiency in vivo using a single \u2018self-cleaving\u2019 2A peptide-based retroviral vector","volume":"22","author":"Szymczak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199704)19:4<324::AID-GLIA5>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte maturation and progenitor cell proliferation are independently regulated by thyroid hormone","volume":"19","author":"Baas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8518","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9518","article-title":"Neuronal activity regulates remyelination via glutamate signalling to oligodendrocyte progenitors","volume":"6","author":"Gautier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201303123","article-title":"Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and enhances CNS remyelination","volume":"5","author":"Syed","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med."},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3961","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199912160-00043","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of transplanted oligodendrocyte precursors in the rat brain","volume":"10","author":"Franklin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15256","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.26.15256","article-title":"Neurotransplantation of magnetically labeled oligodendrocyte progenitors: Magnetic resonance tracking of cell migration and myelination","volume":"96","author":"Bulte","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.04436","article-title":"Ferritin as an endogenous MRI reporter for noninvasive imaging of gene expression in C6 glioma tumors","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-014-0741-4","article-title":"Oatp1 enhances bioluminescence by acting as a plasma membrane transporter for D-luciferin","volume":"16","author":"Patrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Biol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700767R","article-title":"Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3 as a dual reporter gene for fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/rycan.2019190035","article-title":"Development of a human photoacoustic imaging reporter gene using the clinical dye indocyanine green","volume":"1","author":"Nystr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol Imaging Cancer"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B64","article-title":"Visualizing cell-cell communication using synthetic notch activated MRI","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2024.100023","article-title":"Organic anion transporting polypeptides: Pharmacology, toxicology, structure, and transport mechanisms","volume":"77","author":"Hagenbuch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11807","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1808064115","article-title":"The adult oligodendrocyte can participate in remyelination","volume":"115","author":"Duncan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0637-3","article-title":"Motor learning promotes remyelination via new and surviving oligodendrocytes","volume":"23","author":"Bacmeister","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.1999.00172.x","article-title":"The expression of myelin protein mRNAs during remyelination of lysolecithin-induced demyelination","volume":"25","author":"Woodruff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126409","article-title":"How to make an oligodendrocyte","volume":"142","author":"Goldman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-2770","article-title":"A genetically encoded magnetic resonance imaging reporter enables sensitive detection and tracking of spontaneous metastases in deep tissues","volume":"83","author":"Nystr\u00f6m","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.01.031","article-title":"Primovist, eovist: What to expect?","volume":"57","author":"Van Beers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2019.0903","article-title":"Human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 applied as an MRI-based reporter gene","volume":"21","author":"Baek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2016-0024","article-title":"Survival and functionality of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes in a nonhuman primate model for multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Thiruvalluvan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23733","article-title":"Stem cell derived oligodendrocytes to study myelin diseases","volume":"68","author":"Chanoumidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.12.001","article-title":"Abnormal blood\u2013brain barrier permeability in normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis investigated by MRI","volume":"4","author":"Cramer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00179-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of bexarotene in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (CCMR one): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2a study","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026100821362142000_awag127-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32346-2","article-title":"Clemastine fumarate as a remyelinating therapy for multiple sclerosis (ReBUILD): A randomised, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial","volume":"390","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awag127\/68148073\/awag127.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awag127\/68148073\/awag127.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T01:36:37Z","timestamp":1791509797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awag127\/8661779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":77,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awag127","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.09.10.674209","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0006-8950","1460-2156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"article-number":"awag127"}}