{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:09:40Z","timestamp":1788797380086,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":220,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2Y1620N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2Y1620N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12Y1623N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12Y1623N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0F8516N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0F8516N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G065721N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G065721N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G024925N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G024925N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Stichting Alzheimer onderzoek","award":["SAO-FRA 2021\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAO-FRA 2021\/0022"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-AAIIA-963171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-AAIIA-963171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek","award":["SAO-FRA 2023\/0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAO-FRA 2023\/0009"]}]},{"name":"KU-Leuven Onderzoeksraad","award":["C3\/20\/057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3\/20\/057"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-\u03b2 plaques and abnormal phosphorylated Tau protein-containing neurofibrillary tangles, yet it shows marked heterogeneity in clinical presentation, neuroanatomical involvement and progression rate. This variability challenges the traditional view of AD as a single disease entity and has prompted efforts to define patient subgroups with shared characteristics who might benefit from targeted treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Here, we provide a cross-disciplinary overview of current subtyping strategies. We describe both traditional stratification approaches, including those based on clinical AD syndromes, neuropathological staging and age of onset, as well as emerging data-driven methods that utilize clinical information, neuroimaging, omics data and multimodal data integration. Subtypes derived using these data-driven methods overlap to some extent with hypothesis-driven classifications but also uncover additional axes of heterogeneity, including distinct anatomical patterns and molecular signatures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Furthermore, we highlight that most AD patients exhibit co-pathologies such as transactive response DNA-binding protein 43, \u03b1-synuclein or cerebrovascular changes, which are often overlooked in existing stratification systems, despite their potential to affect atrophy patterns and progression rate and, hence, influence subtype interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Finally, we outline future directions for developing unified stratification frameworks that link clinical features with underlying biology, including co-pathologies, aiming to enhance diagnostic precision and enable future personalized therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awag157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:10:02Z","timestamp":1777637402000},"page":"2936-2954","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alzheimer\u2019s disease subtyping approaches and the role of co-pathologies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7571-5420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klara","family":"Gawor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Penn Digital Neuropathology Lab, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7400-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Statz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolien","family":"Schaeverbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1036-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dietmar Rudolf","family":"Thal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B1","first-page":"146","article-title":"\u00dcber eine eigenartige erkrankung der hirnrinde","volume":"64","author":"Alzheimer","year":"1907","journal-title":"Allg Zschr Psych"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000042088.22694.E3","article-title":"Early onset familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Mutation frequency in 31 families","volume":"60","author":"Janssen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2272","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011772","article-title":"Age-at-onset and APOE-related heterogeneity in pathologically confirmed sporadic Alzheimer disease","volume":"96","author":"Smirnov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520310107024","article-title":"Posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"45","author":"Benson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.91","article-title":"Primary progressive aphasia","volume":"49","author":"Mesulam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv191","article-title":"The behavioural\/dysexecutive variant of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Clinical, neuroimaging and pathological features","volume":"138","author":"Ossenkoppele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30193-4","article-title":"Clinical phenotype and genetic associations in autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A case series","volume":"15","author":"Ryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcaa068","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa068","article-title":"Progressive dysexecutive syndrome due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A description of 55 cases and comparison to other phenotypes","volume":"2","author":"Townley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0938-9","article-title":"Tau molecular diversity contributes to clinical heterogeneity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Dujardin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00533-w","article-title":"The probabilistic model of Alzheimer disease: The amyloid hypothesis revised","volume":"23","author":"Frisoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007583","article-title":"A brief history of \u201cAlzheimer disease\u201d","volume":"92","author":"Knopman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00940-4","article-title":"Is Alzheimer disease a disease?","volume":"20","author":"Korczyn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30440-3","article-title":"New insights into atypical Alzheimer\u2019s disease in the era of biomarkers","volume":"20","author":"Graff-Radford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70156-9","article-title":"Neuropathologically defined subtypes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with distinct clinical characteristics: A retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"aww319","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww319","article-title":"Heterogeneity of neuroanatomical patterns in prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Links to cognition, progression and biomarkers","volume":"140","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32202-6","article-title":"Multi-cohort and longitudinal Bayesian clustering study of stage and subtype in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Poulakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy264","article-title":"Atrophy subtypes in prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease are associated with cognitive decline","volume":"141","author":"Ten Kate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1692","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200148","article-title":"Spatial-temporal patterns of \u03b2-amyloid accumulation: A subtype and stage inference model analysis","volume":"98","author":"Collij","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2.4.373","article-title":"Subgroups in dementia of the Alzheimer type identified using positron emission tomography","volume":"2","author":"Grady","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01309-6","article-title":"Four distinct trajectories of tau deposition identified in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo6764","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo6764","article-title":"Unified epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic taxonomy of Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression and heterogeneity","volume":"8","author":"Iturria-Medina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabb5398","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb5398","article-title":"Molecular subtyping of Alzheimer\u2019s disease using RNA sequencing data reveals novel mechanisms and targets","volume":"7","author":"Neff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00550-7","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease reveals five molecular subtypes with distinct genetic risk profiles","volume":"4","author":"Tijms","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Aging."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140261","article-title":"Subgroups of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Stability of empirical clusters over time","volume":"42","author":"Peter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309582","article-title":"The identification of cognitive subtypes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia using latent class analysis","volume":"87","author":"Scheltens","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000239263.52621.97","article-title":"Predictive validity of neuropsychiatric subgroups on nursing home placement and survival in patients with Alzheimer disease","volume":"15","author":"Tun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2018.06.007","article-title":"Characterizing heterogeneity in the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease using longitudinal clinical and neuroimaging biomarkers","volume":"10","author":"Goyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00211","article-title":"Topographical heterogeneity of Alzheimer\u2019s disease based on MR imaging, tau PET, and amyloid PET","volume":"11","author":"Jeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2015.117","article-title":"The genetic landscape of Alzheimer disease: Clinical implications and perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Van Cauwenberghe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Med."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00988-2","article-title":"Multifaceted roles of APOE in Alzheimer disease","volume":"20","author":"Jackson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02931-w","article-title":"APOE4 homozygosity represents a distinct genetic form of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Fortea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0611-3","article-title":"Resistance to autosomal dominant Alzheimer\u2019s disease in an APOE3 Christchurch homozygote: A case report","volume":"25","author":"Arboleda-Velasquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11283","article-title":"A mutation in APP protects against Alzheimer\u2019s disease and age-related cognitive decline","volume":"488","author":"Jonsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.05.2410","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Lyketsos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.10.1233","article-title":"Clinical and pathological evidence for a frontal variant of Alzheimer disease","volume":"56","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnes J, Dickerson BC, Frost C, Jiskoot LC, Wolk D, van der Flier WM. Alzheimer\u2019s disease first symptoms are age dependent: Evidence from the NACC dataset. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11:1349\u20131357.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.12.007"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70289-7","article-title":"Posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"11","author":"Crutch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00414-3","article-title":"Demographic, clinical, biomarker, and neuropathological correlates of posterior cortical atrophy: An international cohort study and individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Chapleau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000140289.18472.15","article-title":"Clinical, genetic, and neuropathologic characteristics of posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"63","author":"Tang-Wai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-022-01238-y","article-title":"Perspectives and a systematic scoping review on longitudinal profiles of posterior cortical atrophy syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Pelak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz091","article-title":"Longitudinal progression of grey matter atrophy in non-amnestic Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"142","author":"Phillips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12673","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3651-14.2015","article-title":"3D shape perception in posterior cortical atrophy: A visual neuroscience perspective","volume":"35","author":"Gillebert","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.11.008","article-title":"Neocortical origin and progression of gray matter atrophy in nonamnestic Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"63","author":"Phillips","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf279","article-title":"Connectivity as a universal predictor of tau progression in atypical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"148","author":"de Bruin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww027","article-title":"Tau PET patterns mirror clinical and neuroanatomical variability in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"139","author":"Ossenkoppele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.08.017","article-title":"Cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry in posterior cortical atrophy and typical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Lehmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/13554790490960440","article-title":"Primary progressive aphasia: A review","volume":"10","author":"Grossman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6","article-title":"Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants","volume":"76","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004034","article-title":"Clinical marker for Alzheimer disease pathology in logopenic primary progressive aphasia","volume":"88","author":"Giannini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.135","article-title":"The paradox of syndromic diversity in Alzheimer disease","volume":"8","author":"Warren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12030-4","article-title":"Primary progressive aphasia: Six questions in search of an answer","volume":"271","author":"Belder","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10689-1","article-title":"The natural history of primary progressive aphasia: Beyond aphasia","volume":"269","author":"Ulugut","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.159","article-title":"Primary progressive aphasia and the evolving neurology of the language network","volume":"10","author":"Mesulam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62471","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062471","article-title":"FDG PET and MRI in logopenic primary progressive aphasia versus dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type","volume":"8","author":"Madhavan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaa080","article-title":"Primary progressive aphasia has a unique signature distinct from dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia regardless of pathology","volume":"79","author":"Gefen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10570","article-title":"Corticobasal degeneration and its relationship to progressive supranuclear palsy and frontotemporal dementia","volume":"54","author":"Boeve","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-328586","article-title":"Neuropathology and emerging biomarkers in corticobasal syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Koga","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22558","article-title":"Is the pathology of corticobasal syndrome predictable in life?","volume":"24","author":"Shelley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.04.011","article-title":"Clinicopathologic subtype of Alzheimer's disease presenting as corticobasal syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Sakae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12294","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12294","article-title":"Lateralized ante mortem and post mortem pathology in a case of Lewy body disease with corticobasal syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Coughlin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220729","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.0729","article-title":"Association of variation in behavioral symptoms with initial cognitive phenotype in adults with dementia confirmed by neuropathology","volume":"5","author":"Pillai","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2023.05.007","article-title":"Frontal variant Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic narrative synthesis","volume":"166","author":"Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx254","article-title":"Clinicopathological correlations in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"140","author":"Perry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141110","article-title":"Differentiating the frontal presentation of Alzheimer\u2019s disease with FDG-PET","volume":"44","author":"Woodward","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131241","article-title":"Distribution of pathology in frontal variant Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"Blennerhassett","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001504","article-title":"Atypical presentations of Alzheimer disease","volume":"30","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4913","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.13.4913","article-title":"Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) in Alzheimer cytoskeletal pathology","volume":"83","author":"Grundke-Iqbal","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4245","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.12.4245","article-title":"Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and down syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Masters","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809","article-title":"Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes","volume":"82","author":"Braak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1791","article-title":"Phases of A\u03b2-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD","volume":"58","author":"Thal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00880-x","article-title":"Tau-PET and in vivo Braak-staging as prognostic markers of future cognitive decline in cognitively normal to demented individuals","volume":"13","author":"Biel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90590-H","article-title":"Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer lesions and intellectual status in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"162","author":"Bancher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)00065-1","article-title":"Neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A perspective from longitudinal clinicopathological studies","volume":"18","author":"Dickson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000508625","article-title":"Pathobiological subtypes of Alzheimer disease","volume":"49","author":"Jellinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.0784","article-title":"Clinicopathologic heterogeneity and glial activation patterns in Alzheimer disease","volume":"81","author":"Kouri","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1155\/1994\/325374","article-title":"Pathways and patterns of cell loss in verified Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A factor and cluster analysis of clinico-pathological subgroups","volume":"7","author":"F\u00f6rstl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294360","article-title":"The identification of pathological subtypes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease using cluster analysis","volume":"88","author":"Armstrong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2019.00031","article-title":"The application of unsupervised clustering methods to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Alashwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.03.002","article-title":"Cognitive subtypes of probable Alzheimer\u2019s disease robustly identified in four cohorts","volume":"13","author":"Scheltens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639608408993","article-title":"Neuropsychological subgroups of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Fisher","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210719","article-title":"Heterogeneity and factorial structure in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A cognitive perspective","volume":"83","author":"Zangrossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000504341","article-title":"Neurodegenerative patterns of cognitive clusters of early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease subjects: Evidence for disease heterogeneity","volume":"48","author":"Phillips","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3990","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15097","article-title":"A multimodal, longitudinal study of cognitive heterogeneity in early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Pollet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0292527","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292527","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Alzheimer\u2019s disease identified by neuropsychological test profiling","volume":"18","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709991160","article-title":"An exploration of cognitive subgroups in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Davidson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-101215","article-title":"Grouping and trajectories of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Part II: Two-year patient trajectories","volume":"22","author":"Garre-Olmo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610209991001","article-title":"Trajectories of cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Wilkosz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20639","article-title":"Subgroups of Alzheimer\u2019s disease based on cerebrospinal fluid molecular markers","volume":"58","author":"Iqbal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa325","article-title":"Pathophysiological subtypes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease based on cerebrospinal fluid proteomics","volume":"143","author":"Tijms","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052780","article-title":"Microglial heterogeneity and its potential role in driving phenotypic diversity of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Sorrentino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3002607","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002607","article-title":"Brain high-throughput multi-omics data reveal molecular heterogeneity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Eteleeb","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2018.08.009","article-title":"Tauopathy and neurodegeneration: A role for stress","volume":"9","author":"Sierra-Fonseca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww187","article-title":"Hyperphosphorylated tau in patients with refractory epilepsy correlates with cognitive decline: A study of temporal lobe resections","volume":"139","author":"Tai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-03190-x","article-title":"Hyperphosphorylated tau in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: A neuropathological and cognitive study","volume":"60","author":"Toscano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B95","first-page":"14","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury and the pathways to cerebral tau accumulation","author":"Flavin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05294.x","article-title":"Physiological regulation of tau phosphorylation during hibernation","volume":"105","author":"Su","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4479","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1388-y","article-title":"The possibility of an infectious etiology of Alzheimer disease","volume":"56","author":"Ashraf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120737","article-title":"Disentangling brain atrophy heterogeneity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A deep self-supervised approach with interpretable latent space","volume":"297","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001003","article-title":"Anatomical heterogeneity of Alzheimer disease: Based on cortical thickness on MRIs","volume":"83","author":"Noh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43270","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43270","article-title":"Robust identification of Alzheimer\u2019s disease subtypes based on cortical atrophy patterns","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4901","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab130","article-title":"Resting-state network alterations differ between Alzheimer\u2019s disease atrophy subtypes","volume":"31","author":"Rauchmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05892-0","article-title":"Uncovering the heterogeneity and temporal complexity of neurodegenerative diseases with subtype and stage inference","volume":"9","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu286","article-title":"Functional changes in the language network in response to increased amyloid \u03b2 deposition in cognitively intact older adults","volume":"26","author":"Adamczuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3756","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab335","article-title":"Changes in the language system as amyloid-\u03b2 accumulates","volume":"144","author":"Reinartz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm133","article-title":"Abeta amyloid deposition in the language system and how the brain responds","volume":"130","author":"Nelissen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00785-9","article-title":"Data-driven FDG-PET subtypes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related neurodegeneration","volume":"13","author":"Levin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7026","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad017","article-title":"Deciphering the clinico-radiological heterogeneity of dysexecutive Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Corriveau-Lecavalier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-122059","article-title":"Early clinical PET imaging results with the novel PHF-tau radioligand [F-18]-T807","volume":"34","author":"Chien","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww023","article-title":"Regional profiles of the candidate tau PET ligand 18F-AV-1451 recapitulate key features of Braak histopathological stages","volume":"139","author":"Schwarz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98338-9","article-title":"Multimodal and longitudinal characterization of distinct tau and atrophy clusters in Alzheimer\u2019s disease spectrum","volume":"15","author":"Rauchmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004643","article-title":"In vivo staging of regional amyloid deposition","volume":"89","author":"Grothe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.04.011","article-title":"PET staging of amyloidosis using striatum","volume":"14","author":"Hanseeuw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.09.001","article-title":"Multisite study of the relationships between antemortem [11C]PIB-PET centiloid values and postmortem measures of Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuropathology","volume":"15","author":"La Joie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.05.018","article-title":"[18f]Flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography in preclinical and symptomatic Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Specific detection of advanced phases of amyloid-\u03b2 pathology","volume":"11","author":"Thal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1897-9","article-title":"Estimation of amyloid distribution by [18F]flutemetamol PET predicts the neuropathological phase of amyloid \u03b2-protein deposition","volume":"136","author":"Thal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcae219","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae219","article-title":"Multimodal subtypes identified in Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuroimaging initiative participants by missing-data-enabled subtype and stage inference","volume":"6","author":"Estarellas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e213559","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000213559","article-title":"Longitudinal evolution of posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"104","author":"Shir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.12.008","article-title":"Patterns of longitudinal brain atrophy in the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"127","author":"Rohrer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.05.002","article-title":"Temporal tau asymmetry spectrum influences divergent behavior and language patterns in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"119","author":"Younes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170740","article-title":"Regional distribution, asymmetry, and clinical correlates of tau uptake on [18F]AV-1451 PET in atypical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"62","author":"Tetzloff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190338","article-title":"Does the right focal variant of Alzheimer\u2019s disease really exist? A literature analysis","volume":"71","author":"Abbate","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14202","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14202","article-title":"Clinical criteria for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy","volume":"21","author":"Wolk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B123","first-page":"17","article-title":"Clustering and disease subtyping in neuroscience, toward better methodological adaptations","author":"Poulakis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0558-5","article-title":"Neuropathology and cognitive performance in self-reported cognitively healthy centenarians","volume":"6","author":"Ganz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142292","article-title":"Mapping the progression of atrophy in early- and late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"46","author":"Migliaccio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"IMAG.a.954","DOI":"10.1162\/IMAG.a.954","article-title":"Disease progression modeling and stratification for detecting sub-trajectories in the natural history of pathologies: Application to Alzheimer\u2019s disease trajectory modeling","volume":"3","author":"Viani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Imaging Neurosci (Camb)"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/insr.12588","article-title":"Clustering longitudinal data: A review of methods and software packages","volume":"93","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Stat Rev."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa438","article-title":"The development and convergence of co-pathologies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"144","author":"Robinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71305-2","article-title":"Association of TDP-43 proteinopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and Lewy bodies with cognitive impairment in individuals with or without Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuropathology","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab027","article-title":"Co-pathologies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Just multiple pathologies or partners in crime?","volume":"144","author":"Tom\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00019-3","article-title":"The prevalence, correlation, and co-occurrence of neuropathology in old age: Harmonisation of 12 measures across six community-based autopsy studies of dementia","volume":"4","author":"Nichols","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2174\/15672050113109990002","article-title":"Neuropathological correlates of cerebral multimorbidity","volume":"10","author":"Attems","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1159\/000285518","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of cerebrovascular lesions in Alzheimer and Lewy body diseases","volume":"7","author":"Jellinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.12.1287","article-title":"Vascular pathology in Alzheimer disease: Correlation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and arteriosclerosis\/lipohyalinosis with cognitive decline","volume":"62","author":"Thal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt188","article-title":"Contribution of cerebrovascular disease in autopsy confirmed neurodegenerative disease cases in the national Alzheimer\u2019s coordinating centre","volume":"136","author":"Toledo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1526-9","article-title":"Pathological \u03b1-synuclein distribution in subjects with coincident Alzheimer\u2019s and Lewy body pathology","volume":"131","author":"Toledo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0217566","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217566","article-title":"Faster cognitive decline in dementia due to Alzheimer disease with clinically undiagnosed Lewy body disease","volume":"14","author":"Malek-Ahmadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2019.08.005","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in comorbidity: A clinical and neuropathological overview","volume":"73","author":"Matej","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Biochem."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12878","article-title":"TDP-43 pathology effect on volume and flortaucipir uptake in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Carlos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae352","article-title":"Hypometabolic mismatch with atrophy and tau pathology in mixed Alzheimer\u2019s and Lewy body disease","volume":"148","author":"Duong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01714-7","article-title":"Prevalence, distribution, and severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy differ between Lewy body diseases and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Walker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12366","article-title":"Prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"J\u00e4kel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.5414\/NP301564","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Neuropathological diagnosis, link to Alzheimer\u2019s disease and impact on clinics","volume":"42","author":"Thal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-9-3","article-title":"Population studies of sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy and dementia: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Keage","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/61.3.282","article-title":"Two types of sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"61","author":"Thal","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0707-9","article-title":"Capillary cerebral amyloid angiopathy identifies a distinct APOE epsilon4-associated subtype of sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"120","author":"Thal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1834-y","article-title":"Capillary cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Association with allocortical\/hippocampal microinfarcts and cognitive decline","volume":"135","author":"Hecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150241","article-title":"Capillary amyloid-\u03b2 protein deposition in a population-based study (vantaa 85+)","volume":"49","author":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-005-1064-y","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology influences severity and topographical distribution of cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"110","author":"Attems","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12003","article-title":"The relationship between cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cortical microinfarcts in brain ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"K\u00f6vari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2011.7.1.1","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Biffi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0366-2","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and its relationship to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"115","author":"Thal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198601000-00007","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: The vascular pathology and complications","volume":"45","author":"Mandybur","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70013-4","article-title":"Cerebral microbleeds: A guide to detection and interpretation","volume":"8","author":"Greenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww229","article-title":"Microbleed and microinfarct detection in amyloid angiopathy: A high-resolution MRI-histopathology study","volume":"139","author":"van Veluw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.05.023","article-title":"Vascular dementia: Different forms of vessel disorders contribute to the development of dementia in the elderly brain","volume":"47","author":"Thal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.11.931","article-title":"Neuropathologic substrates of ischemic vascular dementia","volume":"59","author":"Vinters","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww214","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment neuropathology guidelines (VCING): The contribution of cerebrovascular pathology to cognitive impairment","volume":"139","author":"Skrobot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.08.039","article-title":"Cognitive impairment of vascular origin: Neuropathology of cognitive impairment of vascular origin","volume":"299","author":"Ferrer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000034","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for vascular cognitive disorders: A VASCOG statement","volume":"28","author":"Sachdev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2006.2.1.1","article-title":"Small vessel disease and subcortical vascular dementia","volume":"2","author":"Kalaria","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz099","article-title":"Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE): Consensus working group report","volume":"142","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1269-z","article-title":"TDP-43 is a key player in the clinical features associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"127","author":"Josephs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13213","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13213","article-title":"LATE-NC in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Molecular aspects and synergies","volume":"34","author":"Tom\u00e9","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Pathology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30284-3","article-title":"Rates of hippocampal atrophy and presence of post-mortem TDP-43 in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A longitudinal retrospective study","volume":"16","author":"Josephs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003610","article-title":"TDP-43 pathology and memory impairment in elders without pathologic diagnoses of AD or FTLD","volume":"88","author":"Nag","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1537-1","article-title":"Updated TDP-43 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease staging scheme","volume":"131","author":"Josephs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad145","article-title":"Data-driven neuropathological staging and subtyping of TDP-43 proteinopathies","volume":"146","author":"Young","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-022-02524-2","article-title":"LATE-NC staging in routine neuropathologic diagnosis: An update","volume":"145","author":"Nelson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-025-02929-9","article-title":"Differences and overlaps in TDP-43 pathology of \u201cpure\u201d LATE-NC compared to LATE-NC coexisting with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"150","author":"Tom\u00e9","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-022-02416-5","article-title":"Patterns of amygdala region pathology in LATE-NC: Subtypes that differ with regard to TDP-43 histopathology, genetic risk factors, and comorbid pathologies","volume":"143","author":"Cykowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1951-7","article-title":"Pathological, imaging and genetic characteristics support the existence of distinct TDP-43 types in non-FTLD brains","volume":"137","author":"Josephs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03082-1","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein-positive structures in cases with sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Morphology and its relationship to tau aggregation","volume":"888","author":"Arai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65722-7","article-title":"Lewy bodies contain altered \u03b1-synuclein in brains of many familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with mutations in presenilin and amyloid precursor protein genes","volume":"153","author":"Lippa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2000.tb00269.x","article-title":"Lewy bodies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A neuropathological review of 145 cases using \u03b1-synuclein immunohistochemistry","volume":"10","author":"Hamilton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Pathology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000225908.90052.07","article-title":"Alzheimer disease with amygdala Lewy bodies: A distinct form of \u03b1-synucleinopathy","volume":"65","author":"Uchikado","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.12.1915","article-title":"Lewy bodies in the amygdala: Increase of alpha-synuclein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases with tau-based inclusions","volume":"61","author":"Popescu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02255-2","article-title":"Neuropathological consensus criteria for the evaluation of Lewy pathology in post-mortem brains: A multi-centre study","volume":"141","author":"Attems","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105557","article-title":"Neuropathological evidence of body-first vs. brain-first Lewy body disease","volume":"161","author":"Borghammer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02071-3","article-title":"Lewy-related pathology exhibits two anatomically and genetically distinct progression patterns: A population-based study of Finns aged 85+","volume":"138","author":"Raunio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49402-x","article-title":"Disease progression modelling reveals heterogeneity in trajectories of Lewy-type \u03b1-synuclein pathology","volume":"15","author":"Mastenbroek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcae442","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae442","article-title":"Amygdala-predominant \u03b1-synuclein pathology is associated with exacerbated hippocampal neuron loss in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Gawor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00208-3","article-title":"The Boston criteria version 2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A multicentre, retrospective, MRI-neuropathology diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"21","author":"Charidimou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003184","article-title":"Microbleeds on MRI are associated with microinfarcts on autopsy in cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"87","author":"Lauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0837-9","article-title":"Different aspects of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related amyloid \u03b2-peptide pathology and their relationship to amyloid positron emission tomography imaging and dementia","volume":"7","author":"Thal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06019-8","article-title":"Effects of white matter hyperintensities distribution and clustering on late-life cognitive impairment","volume":"12","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Balado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e213323","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000213323","article-title":"Longitudinal cognitive changes in cerebral small vessel disease: The effect of white matter hyperintensity regression and progression","volume":"104","author":"Jochems","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr300","article-title":"Cerebrovascular lesions induce transient \u03b2-amyloid deposition","volume":"134","author":"Garcia-Alloza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22520","article-title":"Microinfarcts, brain atrophy, and cognitive function: The honolulu Asia aging study autopsy study","volume":"70","author":"Launer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04794.x","article-title":"Cerebrovascular pathology and dementia in autopsied Honolulu-Asia aging study participants","volume":"977","author":"White","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64540-6","article-title":"Development of [18F]ACI-19626 as a first-in-class brain PET tracer for imaging TDP-43 pathology","volume":"16","author":"Vokali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70166","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70166","article-title":"Targeted proteomic biomarker profiling using NULISA in a cohort enriched with risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias","volume":"21","author":"Rea Reyes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.27","article-title":"Developing and evaluating polygenic risk prediction models for stratified disease prevention","volume":"17","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50897","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein RT-QuIC assay in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"6","author":"Bongianni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3334","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13799","article-title":"Clinicopathological correlation of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay in a behavioral neurology autopsy cohort","volume":"20","author":"Samudra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13658","article-title":"Investigating alpha-synuclein co-pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease by means of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay","volume":"20","author":"Bellomo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13858","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of \u03b1-synuclein seed amplification assay in Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuroimaging initiative: Prevalence and associations with Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers and cognitive function","volume":"20","author":"Tosun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01388-7","article-title":"Performance of \u03b1Synuclein RT-QuIC in relation to neuropathological staging of Lewy body disease","volume":"10","author":"Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.05.006","article-title":"Imaging \u03b1-synuclein pathologies in animal models and patients with Parkinson\u2019s and related diseases","volume":"112","author":"Endo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.1100","article-title":"Evaluation of the revised criteria for biological and clinical staging of Alzheimer disease","volume":"82","author":"Pichet Binette","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.4974","article-title":"Evaluation of copathology and clinical trajectories in individuals with tau-clinical mismatch","volume":"83","author":"Brown","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02988-7","article-title":"Revised criteria for the diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Jack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01225-3","article-title":"Downstream effects of polypathology on neurodegeneration of medial temporal lobe subregions","volume":"9","author":"Wisse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.106101","article-title":"Brain-first vs. body-first Parkinson\u2019s disease: An update on recent evidence","volume":"122","author":"Horsager","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-171068","article-title":"Hippocampal sclerosis in the oldest old: A Finnish population-based study","volume":"63","author":"Kero","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00653-0","article-title":"TDP-43 pathology is associated with increased tau burdens and seeding","volume":"18","author":"Tom\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.04.012","article-title":"TDP-43 expression influences amyloid\u03b2 plaque deposition and tau aggregation","volume":"103","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10039","DOI":"10.1021\/bi1016233","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of neurotoxic tau oligomers","volume":"49","author":"Lasagna-Reeves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12427","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of the co-deposition of multiple pathological proteins in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"38","author":"Nonaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3257","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010943","article-title":"\u03b2-Amyloid and tau biomarkers and clinical phenotype in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"95","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.09.030","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical associations of tau in Lewy body dementias: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Chin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-019-0473-4","article-title":"Brain glucose metabolism in Lewy body dementia: Implications for diagnostic criteria","volume":"11","author":"Caminiti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102754","article-title":"FDG PET metabolic signatures distinguishing prodromal DLB and prodromal AD","volume":"31","author":"Kantarci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.179903","article-title":"18F-FDG PET in posterior cortical atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"58","author":"Whitwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.01.045","article-title":"Neuropathological evaluation of mixed dementia","volume":"257","author":"Jellinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4863","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25060-1","article-title":"The extracellular chaperone clusterin enhances tau aggregate seeding in a cellular model","volume":"12","author":"Yuste-Checa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70775","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70775","article-title":"Digital neuropathology of neurodegenerative disorders: Foundations, research advances, and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Rosado","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00117.x","article-title":"Empiric refinement of the pathologic assessment of Lewy-related pathology in the dementia patient","volume":"18","author":"Leverenz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2026090711271712300_awag157-B220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.10.006","article-title":"The central role of tau in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: From neurofibrillary tangle maturation to the induction of cell death","volume":"190","author":"Thal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull."}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awag157\/68208734\/awag157.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/149\/9\/2936\/68208734\/awag157.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/149\/9\/2936\/68208734\/awag157.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:27:51Z","timestamp":1788794871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/149\/9\/2936\/8667077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"references-count":220,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awag157","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8950","1460-2156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]}}}