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The hypothesis states that\u2014along a dimension of \u2018the size of phenomenal consciousness\u2019\u2014expansive states reliably exhibit increased brain entropy, whereas the inverse applies for states of no or reduced consciousness. Examples of expansive states include expert meditation, flicker-light stimulation, near-death-like experiences, atypical breathing, REM sleep, the pre-ictal aura, unmedicated early psychosis and psychedelic drug states. Examples of states of no or reduced consciousness with low brain entropy, include disorders of consciousness, deep sleep, the anaesthetized state, seizure, post-stroke, ageing, cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>It is shown that the entropic brain has convergent, correlative, predictive, discriminative and external validity. Regarding its predictive validity, increased brain entropy under psilocybin (in a supportive context) predicts subsequent improvements in mental health (improved well-being 1-month post-dose). Regarding its discriminative validity, changes in brain entropy selectively index the \u2018breadth of subjective experience\u2019 versus alternative dimensions, such as arousal. Regarding portability\/external validity, an entropy-related function is applied in generative artificial intelligence. In conclusion, the entropic brain is a useful model of conscious states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awag206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:31:13Z","timestamp":1781004673000},"page":"3362-3378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The entropic brain today"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Robin L","family":"Carhart-Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carhart-Harris Lab, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA 94158 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ 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