{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:41:11Z","timestamp":1792590071370,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sormani et al. argue that multiple sclerosis should be viewed as a biological continuum rather than distinct clinical forms. Evidence from recent trials suggests that therapies targeting shared biological mechanisms can slow disability progression across the disease spectrum, supporting a shift away from traditional classifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awag273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T12:50:40Z","timestamp":1786798240000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rethinking multiple sclerosis therapy beyond clinical phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6892-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Sormani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Wiendl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Medical Center , Freiburg 79106 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Montalban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Neurologia and Centre d\u2019Esclerosi M\u00faltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall D\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, (VHIR) , Barcelona 08035 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC) Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s , Bellaterra 08193 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiwon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102108570934800_awag273-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00270-4","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"24","author":"Montalban","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026102108570934800_awag273-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eade8560","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ade8560","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis endophenotypes identified by high-dimensional blood signatures are associated with distinct disease trajectories","volume":"16","author":"Gross","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026102108570934800_awag273-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231196786","article-title":"Do the current MS clinical course descriptors need to change and if so how? A survey of the MS community","volume":"29","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"2026102108570934800_awag273-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03901-6","article-title":"AI-driven reclassification of multiple sclerosis progression","volume":"31","author":"Ganjgahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026102108570934800_awag273-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415985","article-title":"Tolebrutinib versus teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"392","author":"Oh","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026102108570934800_awag273-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415988","article-title":"Tolebrutinib in nonrelapsing secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"392","author":"Fox","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026102108570934800_awag273-B7","author":"Oh"},{"key":"2026102108570934800_awag273-B8","author":"Reich"},{"key":"2026102108570934800_awag273-B9","author":"Bar-Or"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awag273\/70681524\/awag273.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awag273\/70681524\/awag273.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:57:16Z","timestamp":1792587436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awag273\/8763484"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":9,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awag273","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8950","1460-2156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"article-number":"awag273"}}