{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:55:41Z","timestamp":1791255341797,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,20]],"date-time":"2005-12-20T01:13:57Z","timestamp":1135041237000},"page":"791-808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":392,"title":["Multimodal imaging of brain reorganization in motor areas of the contralesional hemisphere of well recovered patients after capsular stroke"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Gerloff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalaf","family":"Bushara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Sailer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Wassermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Waldvogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George F.","family":"Wittenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo G.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ago T, Kitazono T, Ooboshi H, Takada J, Yoshiura T, Mihara F, et al. Deterioration of pre-existing hemiparesis brought about by subsequent ipsilateral lacunar infarction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2003; 74: 1152\u20133.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.8.1152"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander GE, Crutcher MD. Neural representations of the target (goal) of visually guided arm movements in three motor areas of the monkey. J Neurophysiol1990; 64: 164\u201378.","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.64.1.164"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amjad AM, Halliday DM, Rosenberg JR, Conway BA. An extended difference of coherence test for comparing and combining several independent coherence estimates: theory and application to the study of motor units and physiological tremor. J Neurosci Methods1997; 73: 69\u201379.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(96)02214-5"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andres FG, Mima T, Schulman AE, Dichgans J, Hallett M, Gerloff C. Functional coupling of human cortical sensorimotor areas during bimanual skill acquisition. Brain1999; 122: 855\u201370.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.5.855"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B5","unstructured":"Asanuma H. The Motor Cortex. New York: Raven Press, 1989."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baron JC, Cohen LG, Cramer SC, Dobkin BH, Johansen-Berg H, Loubinoux I, et al. Neuroimaging in stroke recovery: a position paper from the First International Workshop on Neuroimaging and Stroke Recovery. Cerebrovasc Dis2004; 18: 260\u20137.","DOI":"10.1159\/000080293"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braak H. The pigment architecture of the human frontal lobe. I. Precentral, subcentral and frontal region. Anat Embryol (Berl)1979; 157: 35\u201368.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315640"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown JA, Lutsep H, Cramer SC, Weinand M. Motor cortex stimulation for enhancement of recovery after stroke: case report. Neurol Res2003; 25: 815\u20138.","DOI":"10.1179\/016164103771953907"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butefisch CM, Netz J, Wessling M, Seitz RJ, Homberg V. Remote changes in cortical excitability after stroke. Brain2003; 126: 470\u201381.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg044"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calautti C, Baron JC. Functional neuroimaging studies of motor recovery after stroke in adults: a review. Stroke2003; 34: 1553\u201366.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000071761.36075.A6"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calautti C, Leroy F, Guincestre JY, Baron JC. Dynamics of motor network overactivation after striatocapsular stroke: a longitudinal PET study using a fixed-performance paradigm. Stroke2001; 32: 2534\u201342.","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1101.097401"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caminiti R, Ferraina S, Mayer AB. Visuomotor transformations: early cortical mechanisms of reaching. Curr Opin Neurobiol1998; 8: 753\u201361.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(98)80118-9"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao Y, D'Olhaberriague L, Vikingstad EM, Levine SR, Welch KM. Pilot study of functional MRI to assess cerebral activation of motor function after poststroke hemiparesis. Stroke1998; 29: 112\u201322.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.1.112"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carey JR, Kimberley TJ, Lewis SM, Auerbach EJ, Dorsey L, Rundquist P, et al. Analysis of fMRI and finger tracking training in subjects with chronic stroke. Brain2002; 125: 773\u201388.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf091"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catalan MJ, Honda M, Weeks RA, Cohen LG, Hallett M. The functional neuroanatomy of simple and complex sequential finger movements: a PET study. Brain1998; 121: 253\u201364.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.2.253"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catalan MJ, Ishii K, Honda M, Samii A, Hallett M. A PET study of sequential finger movements of varying length in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain1999; 122: 483\u201395.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.3.483"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen R, Gerloff C, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Involvement of the ipsilateral motor cortex in finger movements of different complexities. Ann Neurol1997; 41: 247\u201354.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410216"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen R, Garg RR, Lozano AM, Lang AE. Effects of internal globus pallidus stimulation on motor cortex excitability. Neurology2001; 56: 716\u201323.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.6.716"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y, Ding M, Kelso JA. Task-related power and coherence changes in neuromagnetic activity during visuomotor coordination. Exp Brain Res2003; 148: 105\u201316.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1244-0"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chollet F, DiPiero V, Wise RJ, Brooks DJ, Dolan RJ, Frackowiak RS. The functional anatomy of motor recovery after stroke in humans: a study with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol1991; 29: 63\u201371.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290112"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Classen J, Gerloff C, Honda M, Hallett M. Integrative visuomotor behavior is associated with interregionally coherent oscillations in the human brain. J Neurophysiol1998; 79: 1567\u201373.","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.3.1567"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conway BA, Halliday DM, Farmer SF, Shahani U, Maas P, Weir AI, et al. Synchronization between motor cortex and spinal motoneuronal pool during the performance of a maintained motor task in man. J Physiol (Lond)1995; 489: 917\u201324.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp021104"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cramer SC. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in stroke recovery. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am2003; 14: S47\u201355.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(02)00053-0"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cramer SC. Functional imaging in stroke recovery. Stroke2004; 35: 2695\u20138.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000143326.36847.b0"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cramer SC, Nelles G, Benson RR, Kaplan JD, Parker RA, Kwong KK, et al. A functional MRI study of subjects recovered from hemiparetic stroke. Stroke1997; 28: 2518\u201327.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.12.2518"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cramer SC, Nelles G, Schaechter JD, Kaplan JD, Finklestein SP, Rosen BR. A functional MRI study of three motor tasks in the evaluation of stroke recovery. Neurorehabil Neural Repair2001; 15: 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1177\/154596830101500101"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dettmers C, Young A, Rommel T, Hartmann A, Weingart O, Baron JC. CO2 reactivity in the ischaemic core, penumbra, and normal tissue 6 hours after acute MCA-occlusion in primates. Acta Neurochir1993; 125: 150\u20135.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01401843"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobkin BH. Functional MRI: a potential physiologic indicator for stroke rehabilitation interventions. Stroke2003; 34: e23\u20138.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000071140.00153.05"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fein G, Raz J, Brown FF, Merrin EL. Common reference coherence data are confounded by power and phase effects. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol1988; 69: 581\u20134.","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(88)90171-X"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feydy A, Carlier R, Roby-Brami A, Bussel B, Cazalis F, Pierot L, et al. Longitudinal study of motor recovery after stroke: recruitment and focusing of brain activation. Stroke2002; 33: 1610\u20137.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000017100.68294.52"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher CM. Concerning the mechanism of recovery in stroke hemiplegia. Can J Neurol Sci1992; 19: 57\u201363.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100042542"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fridman EA, Hanakawa T, Chung M, Hummel F, Leiguarda RC, Cohen LG. Reorganization of the human ipsilesional premotor cortex after stroke. Brain2004; 127: 747\u201358.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh082"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friehs GM, Zerris VA, Ojakangas CL, Fellows MR, Donoghue JP. Brain-machine and brain-computer interfaces. Stroke2004; 35: 2702\u20135.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000143235.93497.03"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friston KJ, Holmes AP, Worsley KJ. How many subjects constitute a study? Neuroimage1999; 10: 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0439"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujii Y, Nakada T. Cortical reorganization in patients with subcortical hemiparesis: neural mechanisms of functional recovery and prognostic implication. J Neurosurg2003; 98: 64\u201373.","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.1.0064"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerloff C, Hadley J, Richard J, Uenishi N, Honda M, Hallett M. Functional coupling and regional activation of human cortical motor areas during simple, internally paced and externally paced finger movements. Brain1998; 121: 1513\u201331.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.8.1513"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B37","unstructured":"Gerloff C, Braun C, Hallett M. Coherence, cortico-cortical. In: Hallett M, editor. Movement disorders (handbook of neurophysiology). Vol 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003. p. 77\u201385."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerloff C, Braun C, Staudt M, Li Hegner Y, Dichgans J, Kr\u00e4geloh-Mann I. Coherent corticomuscular oscillations originate from primary motor cortex: Evidence from patients with early brain lesions. Hum Brain Mapp 2005, in press.","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20220"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geyer S, Matelli M, Luppino G, Zilles K. Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system. Anat Embryol (Berl)2000; 202: 443\u201374.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290000127"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghez C, Hening W, Gordon J. Organization of voluntary movement. Curr Opin Neurobiol1991; 1: 664\u201371.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(05)80046-7"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldring S, Ratcheson R. Human motor cortex: sensory input data from single neuron recordings. Science1972; 175: 1493\u20135.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.175.4029.1493"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gould HJ, Cusick CG, Pons TP, Kaas JH. The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys. J Comp Neurol1986; 247: 297\u2013325.","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902470303"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green JB, Bialy Y, Sora E, Ricamato A. High-resolution EEG in poststroke hemiparesis can identify ipsilateral generators during motor tasks. Stroke1999; 30: 2659\u201365.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.12.2659"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagemann G, Redecker C, Neumann-Haefelin T, Freund HJ, Witte OW. Increased long-term potentiation in the surround of experimentally induced focal cortical infarction. Ann Neurol1998; 44: 255\u20138.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440217"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamdy S, Rothwell JC. Gut feelings about recovery after stroke: the organization and reorganization of human swallowing motor cortex. Trends Neurosci1998; 21: 278\u201382.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(97)01212-5"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B46","unstructured":"Hebb DO. The organization of behavior: A neurophysiological theory. New York: Wiley, 1949."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B47","unstructured":"Herscovitch P, Markham J, Raichle ME. Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H2(15)O. I. Theory and error analysis. J Nucl Med1983; 24: 782\u20139."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hocherman S, Wise SP. Trajectory-selective neuronal activity in the motor cortex of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Behav Neurosci1990; 104: 495\u20139.","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.104.3.495"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hocherman S, Wise SP. Effects of hand movement path on motor cortical activity in awake, behaving rhesus monkeys. Exp Brain Res1991; 83: 285\u2013302.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231153"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hummel F, Gerloff C. Larger interregional synchrony is associated with greater behavioral success in a complex sensory integration task in humans. Cereb Cortex2005; 15: 670\u20138.","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh170"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hummel F, Kirsammer R, Gerloff C. Ipsilateral cortical activation during finger sequences of increasing complexity: representation of movement difficulty or memory load? Clin Neurophysiol2003; 114: 605\u201313.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00417-0"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hummel F, Celnik P, Giraux P, Floel A, Wu WH, Gerloff C, et al. Effects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke. Brain2005; 128: 490\u20139.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh369"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johansen-Berg H, Dawes H, Guy C, Smith SM, Wade DT, Matthews PM. Correlation between motor improvements and altered fMRI activity after rehabilitative therapy. Brain2002a; 125: 2731\u201342.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf282"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johansen-Berg H, Rushworth MF, Bogdanovic MD, Kischka U, Wimalaratna S, Matthews PM. The role of ipsilateral premotor cortex in hand movement after stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2002; 99: 14518\u201323.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.222536799"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karbe H, Thiel A, Weber-Luxenburger G, Herholz K, Kessler J, Heiss WD. Brain plasticity in poststroke aphasia: what is the contribution of the right hemisphere? Brain Lang.1998; 64: 215\u201330.","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.1998.1961"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karni A, Meyer G, Jezzard P, Adams MM, Turner R, Ungerleider LG. Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning. Nature1995; 377: 155\u201358.","DOI":"10.1038\/377155a0"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy PR, Kirby MT, Moore MM, King B, Mallory A. Computer control using human intracortical local field potentials. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng2004; 12: 339\u201344.","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2004.834629"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobayashi M, Ng J, Theoret H, Pascual-Leone A. Modulation of intracortical neuronal circuits in human hand motor area by digit stimulation. Exp Brain Res2003; 149: 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1329-9"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuypers HG. Anatomy of the descending pathways. In: Brooks VB, editor. Handbook of physiology, section 1: the nervous system. Vol II. Motor control. Bethesda: American Physiological Society; 1981. p. 597\u2013666.","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp010213"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence DG, Kuypers HG. Pyramidal and non-pyramidal pathways in monkeys: anatomical and functional correlation. Science1965; 148: 973\u20135.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.148.3672.973"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leuner B, Falduto J, Shors TJ. Associative memory formation increases the observation of dendritic spines in the hippocampus. J Neurosci2003; 23: 659\u201365.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-02-00659.2003"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liepert J, Terborg C, Weiller C. Motor plasticity induced by synchronized thumb and foot movements. Exp Brain Res1999; 125: 435\u20139.","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050700"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liepert J, Hamzei F, Weiller C. Motor cortex disinhibition of the unaffected hemisphere after acute stroke. Muscle Nerve2000; 23: 1761\u20133.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200011)23:11<1761::AID-MUS14>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luft AR, Waller S, Forrester L, Smith GV, Whitall J, Macko RF, et al. Lesion location alters brain activation in chronically impaired stroke survivors. Neuroimage2004; 21: 924\u201335.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.10.026"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manganotti P, Gerloff C, Toro C, Katsuta H, Sadato N, Zhuang P, et al. Task-related coherence and task-related spectral power changes during sequential finger movements. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol1998; 109: 50\u201362.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-980X(97)00074-X"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mansur CG, Fregni F, Boggio PS, Riberto M, Gallucci-Neto J, Santos CM, et al. A sham stimulation-controlled trial of rTMS of the unaffected hemisphere in stroke patients. Neurology2005; 64: 1802\u20134.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000161839.38079.92"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall RS, Perera GM, Lazar RM, Krakauer JW, Constantine RC, DeLaPaz RL. Evolution of cortical activation during recovery from corticospinal tract infarction. Stroke2000; 31: 656\u201361.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.3.656"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin JH, Ghez C. Differential impairments in reaching and grasping produced by local inactivation within the forelimb representation of the motor cortex in the cat. Exp Brain Res1993; 94: 429\u201343.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230201"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin PI, Naeser MA, Theoret H, Tormos JM, Nicholas M, Kurland J, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a complementary treatment for aphasia. Semin Speech Lang2004; 25: 181\u201391.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-825654"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merzenich MM, Jenkins WM. Reorganization of cortical representations of the hand following alterations of skin inputs induced by nerve injury, skin island transfers, and experience. J Hand Ther1993; 6: 89\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(12)80290-0"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miltner WH, Braun C, Arnold M, Witte H, Taub E. Coherence of gamma-band EEG activity as a basis for associative learning. Nature1999; 397: 434\u20136.","DOI":"10.1038\/17126"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mima T, Steger J, Schulman AE, Gerloff C, Hallett M. Electroencephalographic measurement of motor cortex control of muscle activity in humans. Clin Neurophysiol2000; 111: 326\u201337.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00229-1"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mima T, Matsuoka T, Hallett M. Information flow from the sensorimotor cortex to muscle in humans. Clin Neurophysiol2001; 112: 122\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00515-0"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mima T, Toma K, Koshy B, Hallett M. Coherence between cortical and muscular activities after subcortical stroke. Stroke2001; 32: 2597\u2013601.","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1101.098764"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murase N, Duque J, Mazzocchio R, Cohen LG. Influence of interhemispheric interactions on motor function in chronic stroke. Ann Neurol2004; 55: 400\u20139.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10848"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelles G, Spiekermann G, Jueptner M, Leonhardt G, Muller S, Gerhard H, et al. Reorganization of sensory and motor systems in hemiplegic stroke patients. A positron emission tomography study. Stroke1999; 30: 1510\u20136.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.8.1510"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Netz J, Lammers T, Homberg V. Reorganization of motor output in the non-affected hemisphere after stroke. Brain1997; 120: 1579\u201386.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.9.1579"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nudo RJ. Functional and structural plasticity in motor cortex: implications for stroke recovery. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am2003; 14: S57\u201376.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(02)00054-2"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nudo RJ, Wise BM, SiFuentes F, Milliken GW. Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct. Science1996; 272: 1791\u20134.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5269.1791"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pariente J, Loubinoux I, Carel C, Albucher JF, Leger A, Manelfe C, et al. Fluoxetine modulates motor performance and cerebral activation of patients recovering from stroke. Ann Neurol2001; 50: 718\u201329.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1257"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfurtscheller G, Andrew C. Event-Related changes of band power and coherence: methodology and interpretation. J Clin Neurophysiol1999; 16: 512\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199911000-00003"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfurtscheller G, Aranibar A. Event-related cortical desynchronization detected by power measurements of scalp EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol1977; 42: 817\u201326.","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(77)90235-8"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfurtscheller G, Graimann B, Huggins JE, Levine SP, Schuh LA. Spatiotemporal patterns of beta desynchronization and gamma synchronization in corticographic data during self-paced movement. Clin Neurophysiol2003; 114: 1226\u201336.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00067-1"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfurtscheller G, Stancak A Jr, Edlinger G. On the existence of different types of central beta rhythms below 30 Hz. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol1997; 102: 316\u201325.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(96)96612-2"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pineiro R, Pendlebury S, Johansen-Berg H, Matthews PM. Altered hemodynamic responses in patients after subcortical stroke measured by functional MRI. Stroke2002; 33: 103\u20139.","DOI":"10.1161\/hs0102.100482"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plewnia C, Lotze M, Gerloff C. Disinhibition of the contralateral motor cortex by low-frequency rTMS. Neuroreport2003; 14: 609\u201312.","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200303240-00017"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plewnia C, Hoppe J, Cohen LG, Gerloff C. Improved motor skill acquisition after selective stimulation of central norepinephrine. Neurology2004; 62: 2124\u20136.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000128041.92710.17"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poline JB, Worsley KJ, Evans AC, Friston KJ. Combining spatial extent and peak intensity to test for activations in functional imaging. Neuroimage1997; 5: 83\u201396.","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1996.0248"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rappelsberger P, Petsche H. Probability mapping: power and coherence analyses of cognitive processes. Brain Topogr1988; 1: 46\u201354.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01129339"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossini PM, Dal Forno G. Integrated technology for evaluation of brain function and neural plasticity. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am2004; 15: 263\u2013306.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(03)00124-4"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossini PM, Calautti C, Pauri F, Baron JC. Post-stroke plastic reorganisation in the adult brain. Lancet Neurol2003; 2: 493\u2013502.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00485-X"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rouiller EM, Babalian A, Kazennikov O, Moret V, Yu XH, Wiesendanger M. Transcallosal connections of the distal forelimb representations of the primary and supplementary motor cortical areas in macaque monkeys. Exp Brain Res1994; 102: 227\u201343.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227511"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadato N, Campbell G, Ibanez V, Deiber MP, Hallett M. Complexity affects regional cerebral blood flow change during sequential finger movements. J Neurosci1996; 16: 2691\u2013700.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02691.1996"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sailer A, Dichgans J, Gerloff C. The influence of normal aging on the cortical processing of a simple motor task. Neurology2000; 55: 979\u201385.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.7.979"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seitz RJ, Hoflich P, Binkofski F, Tellmann L, Herzog H, Freund HJ. Role of the premotor cortex in recovery from middle cerebral artery infarction. Arch Neurol1998; 55: 1081\u20138.","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.8.1081"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sette G, Baron JC, Mazoyer B, Levasseur M, Pappata S, Crouzel C. Local brain haemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in cerebrovascular disease. Positron emission tomography. Brain1989; 112: 931\u201351.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.4.931"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaw JC. Correlation and coherence analysis of the EEG: a selective tutorial review. Int J Psychophysiol1984; 1: 255\u201366.","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8760(84)90045-X"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shimizu T, Hosaki A, Hino T, Sato M, Komori T, Hirai S, et al. Motor cortical disinhibition in the unaffected hemisphere after unilateral cortical stroke. Brain2002; 125: 1896\u2013907.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf183"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staudt M, Grodd W, Gerloff C, Erb M, Stitz J, Krageloh-Mann I. Two types of ipsilateral reorganization in congenital hemiparesis: a TMS and fMRI study. Brain2002; 125: 2222\u201337.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf227"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefan K, Kunesch E, Benecke R, Cohen LG, Classen J. Mechanisms of enhancement of human motor cortex excitability induced by interventional paired associative stimulation. J Physiol2002; 543: 699\u2013708.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.023317"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka Y, Yoshida A, Kawahata N, Hashimoto R, Obayashi T. Diagonistic dyspraxia. Clinical characteristics, responsible lesion and possible underlying mechanism. Brain1996; 119: 859\u201373.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.3.859"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson ML, Thickbroom GW, Laing B, Wilson S, Mastaglia FL. Changes in the organisation of the corticomotor projection to the hand after subcortical stroke. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol1995; 97: S191.","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-980X(95)93143-H"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Traversa R, Cicinelli P, Oliveri M, Giuseppina Palmieri M, Filippi MM, Pasqualetti P, et al. Neurophysiological follow-up of motor cortical output in stroke patients. Clin Neurophysiol2000; 111: 1695\u2013703.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00373-4"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turton A, Wroe S, Trepte N, Fraser C, Lemon RN. Contralateral and ipsilateral EMG responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation during recovery of arm and hand function after stroke. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol1996; 101: 316\u201328.","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-980X(96)95560-5"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verleger R, Adam S, Rose M, Vollmer C, Wauschkuhn B, Kompf D. Control of hand movements after striatocapsular stroke: high-resolution temporal analysis of the function of ipsilateral activation. Clin Neurophysiol2003; 114: 1468\u201376.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00125-1"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang XQ, Merzenich MM, Sameshima K, Jenkins WM. Remodeling of hand representation in adult cortex determined by timing of tactile stimulation. Nature1995; 378: 71\u20135.","DOI":"10.1038\/378071a0"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward NS, Brown MM, Thompson AJ, Frackowiak RS. Neural correlates of outcome after stroke: a cross-sectional fMRI study. Brain2003; 126: 1430\u201348.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg145"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward NS, Cohen LG. Mechanisms underlying recovery of motor function after stroke. Arch Neurol2004; 61: 1844\u20138.","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.12.1844"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wassermann EM, Pascual-Leone A, Hallett M. Cortical motor representation of the ipsilateral hand and arm. Exp Brain Res1994; 100: 121\u201332.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227284"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiller C, Chollet F, Friston KJ, Wise RJ, Frackowiak RSJ. Functional reorganization of the brain in recovery from striatocapsular infarction in man. Ann Neurol1992; 31: 463\u201372.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310502"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiller C, Ramsay SC, Wise RJ, Friston KJ, Frackowiak RSJ. Individual patterns of functional reorganization in the human cerebral cortex after capsular infarction. Ann Neurol1993; 33: 181\u20139.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330208"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiller C, Isensee C, Rijntjes M, Huber W, Muller S, Bier D, et al. Recovery from Wernicke's aphasia: a positron emission tomographic study. Ann Neurol1995; 37: 723\u201332.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370605"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werhahn KJ, Conforto AB, Kadom N, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Contribution of the ipsilateral motor cortex to recovery after chronic stroke. Ann Neurol2003; 54: 464\u201372.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10686"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wessberg J, Stambaugh CR, Kralik JD, Beck PD, Laubach M, Chapin JK, et al. Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates. Nature2000; 408: 361\u20135.","DOI":"10.1038\/35042582"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wexler BE, Fulbright RK, Lacadie CM, Skudlarski P, Kelz MB, Constable RT, et al. An fMRI study of the human cortical motor system response to increasing functional demands. Magn Reson Imaging1997; 15: 385\u201396.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(96)00232-9"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White LE, Andrews TJ, Hulette C, Richards A, Groelle M, Paydarfar J, et al. Structure of the human sensorimotor system. I: Morphology and cytoarchitecture of the central sulcus. Cereb Cortex1997; 7: 18\u201330.","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/7.1.18"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winhuisen L, Thiel A, Schumacher B, Kessler J, Rudolf J, Haupt WF, et al. Role of the contralateral inferior frontal gyrus in recovery of language function in poststroke aphasia. A combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and positron emission tomography study. Stroke2005; 36: 1759\u201363.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000174487.81126.ef"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wise SP. The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory. Annu Rev Neurosci1985; 8: 1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.08.030185.000245"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wise SP, Boussaoud D, Johnson PB, Caminiti R. Premotor and parietal cortex: corticocortical connectivity and combinatorial computations. Annu Rev Neurosci1997; 20: 25\u201342.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.20.1.25"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wittenberg GF, Bastian AJ, Dromerick AW, Thach WT, Powers WJ. Mirror movements complicate interpretation of cerebral activation changes during recovery from subcortical infarction. Neurorehabil Neural Repair2000; 14: 213\u201321.","DOI":"10.1177\/154596830001400307"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolpaw JR, Birbaumer N, McFarland DJ, Pfurtscheller G, Vaughan TM. Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control. Clin Neurophysiol2002; 113: 767\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00057-3"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods RP. Modeling for intergroup comparisons of imaging data. Neuroimage1996; 4: S84\u201394.","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1996.0058"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xerri C, Merzenich MM, Peterson BE, Jenkins W. Plasticity of primary somatosensory cortex paralleling sensorimotor skill recovery from stroke in adult monkeys. J Neurophysiol1998; 79: 2119\u201348.","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.4.2119"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuste R, Bonhoeffer T. Morphological changes in dendritic spines associated with long-term synaptic plasticity. Annu Rev Neurosci2001; 24: 1071\u201389.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.1071"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang J, Riehle A, Requin J, Kornblum S. Dynamics of single neuron activity in monkey primary motor cortex related to sensorimotor transformation. J Neurosci1997; 17: 2227\u201346.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-06-02227.1997"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziemann U, Ishii K, Borgheresi A, Yaseen Z, Battaglia F, Hallett M, et al. Dissociation of the pathways mediating ipsilateral and contralateral motor-evoked potentials in human hand and arm muscles. J Physiol1999; 518 : 895\u2013906.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0895p.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011173328_B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziemann U, Muellbacher W, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Modulation of practice-dependent plasticity in human motor cortex. Brain2001; 124: 1171\u201381.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.6.1171"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/129\/3\/791\/1102795\/awh713.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T18:39:18Z","timestamp":1626892758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/129\/3\/791\/390790\/Multimodal-imaging-of-brain-reorganization-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,19]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awh713","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2156","0006-8950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,19]]}}}