{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:08:19Z","timestamp":1790874499571,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Optic neuritis (ON) is the first clinical manifestation in \u223c20% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The inflammation and demyelination of the optic nerve are characterized by symptomatic visual impairment and retrobulbar pain, and associated with decreased visual acuity, decreased colour and contrast sensitivity, delayed visual evoked potentials and visual field defects. Spontaneous recovery of vision typically occurs within weeks or months after onset, depending on the resolution of inflammation, remyelination, restoration of conduction in axons which persist demyelinated and neuronal plasticity in the cortical and subcortical visual pathways. To assess where recovery takes place along the visual pathway, visual activation was studied in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), the main thalamic relay nucleus in the visual pathway and in three areas of the visual cortex: the lateral occipital complexes (LOC), V1 and V2. We conducted a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of regions of interest (ROI) of activation in LGN and visual cortex in 19 patients with acute ON at onset, 3 and 6 months from presentation. With fMRI we measured the activation in the ROIs and compared activation during monocular stimulation of the affected and unaffected eye. In the acute phase the activation of LGN during visual stimulation of the affected eye was significantly reduced (P&amp;lt;\u20090.01) compared to the unaffected eye. This difference in LGN activation between the affected and unaffected eye diminished during recovery, and after 180 days the difference was no longer significant (P = 0.59). The decreased difference during recovery was mainly due to an increase in the fMRI signal when stimulating the affected eye, but included a component of a decreasing fMRI signal from LGN when stimulating the unaffected eye. In LOC, V1 and V2 activation during visual stimulation of the affected eye in the acute phase was significantly reduced (P&amp;lt;\u20090.01) compared to the unaffected eye, and during recovery the difference diminished with no significant differences left after 180 days. As the pattern of activation in LOC, V1 and V2 resembled the development in LGN we found no evidence of additional cortical adaptive changes. The reduced activation of the LGN to stimulation of the unaffected eye is interpreted as a shift away from early compensatory changes established in the acute phase in LGN and may indicate very early plasticity of the visual pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T10:52:56Z","timestamp":1178016776000},"page":"1244-1253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Recovery from optic neuritis: an ROI-based analysis of LGN and visual cortical areas"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Korsholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, 2Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby and 3Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristoffer H.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, 2Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby and 3Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark"},{"name":"1 Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, 2Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby and 3Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jette L.","family":"Frederiksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, 2Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby and 3Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Skimminge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, 2Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby and 3Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark"},{"name":"1 Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, 2Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby and 3Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torben E.","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, 2Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby and 3Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010308420479600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-08-02859.1997","article-title":"Correlated size variations in human visual cortex, lateral geniculate nucleus, and optic tract","volume":"17","author":"Andrews","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.7.944","article-title":"High- and low-risk profiles for the development of multiple sclerosis within 10 years after optic neuritis: experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial","volume":"121","author":"Beck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050454","article-title":"Long-term recovery and fellow eye deterioration after optic neuritis, determined by serial visual evoked potentials","volume":"246","author":"Brusa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.3.468","article-title":"Long-term remyelination after optic neuritis: a 2-year visual evoked potential and psychophysical serial study","volume":"124","author":"Brusa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910390115","article-title":"Mapping of lateral geniculate nucleus activation during visual stimulation in human brain using fMRI","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2430","article-title":"Retinotopic mapping of lateral geniculate nucleus in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011163432001","article-title":"Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"343","author":"Confavreux","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.034","article-title":"A new SPM toolbox for combining probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps and functional imaging data","volume":"25","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B9","first-page":"59","article-title":"Quantitative functional MR imaging of the visual cortex at 1.5\u2009T as a function of luminance contrast in healthy volunteers and patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Faro","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(99)00095-8","article-title":"Serial visual evoked potentials in 90 untreated patients with acute optic neuritis","volume":"44","author":"Frederiksen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Survey Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04713.x","article-title":"MRI, VEP, SEP and biothesiometry suggest monosymptomatic acute optic neuritis to be a first manifestation of multiple sclerosis","volume":"83","author":"Frederiksen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859900500304","article-title":"Reduced visual evoked responses in multiple sclerosis patients with optic neuritis: comparison of functional magnetic resonance imaging and visual evoked potentials","volume":"5","author":"Gareau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050453","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of isolated optic neuritis: the risk of developing multiple sclerosis, its outcome, and the prognostic role of paraclinical tests","volume":"246","author":"Ghezzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91155-5","article-title":"Delayed visual evoked response in optic neuritis","volume":"1","author":"Halliday","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340000450","article-title":"Detection of optic nerve atrophy following a single episode of unilateral optic neuritis by MRI using a fat-saturated short-echo fast FLAIR sequence","volume":"43","author":"Hickman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh284","article-title":"A serial MRI study following optic nerve mean area in acute optic neuritis","volume":"127","author":"Hickman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B17","first-page":"951","article-title":"Optic nerve diffusion measurement from diffusion-weighted imaging in optic neuritis","volume":"26","author":"Hickman","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530110059017","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the human lateral geniculate body","volume":"47","author":"Horton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910380317","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging of the human optic nerve: a new approach to evaluate optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Iwasawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00874118","article-title":"Visual evoked potentials after optic neuritis. Effect of time interval, age and disease dissemination","volume":"240","author":"Jones","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00553.2003","article-title":"Functional imaging of the human lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar","volume":"91","author":"Kastner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00399.x","article-title":"Functional MRI of the visual cortex and visual testing in patients with previous optic neuritis","volume":"9","author":"Langkilde","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"2023010308420479600_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.07.030","article-title":"Normal and abnormal fMRI activation patterns in the visual cortex after recovery from optic neuritis","volume":"33","author":"Levin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.07.005","article-title":"Non-white noise in fMRI: does modelling have an impact?","volume":"29","author":"Lund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4444","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5602-05.2006","article-title":"Attentional modulation of thalamic reticular neurons","volume":"26","author":"McAlonan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1076\/noph.25.3.109.7126","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging of lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex at 4 Tesla in a patient with homonymous hemianopia","volume":"25","author":"Miki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuro Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1159\/000071353","article-title":"Decreased activation of the lateral geniculate nucleus in a patient with anisometropic amblyopia demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"217","author":"Miki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000081776","article-title":"Decreased lateral geniculate nucleus activation in retrogeniculate hemianopia demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging at 4 Tesla","volume":"219","author":"Miki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B29","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Walsh and Hoyt's clinical neuro-ophthalmology.","author":"Miller","year":"1982","edition":"4th"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0655-9","article-title":"Predicting the outcome of optic neuritis: evaluation of risk factors after 30 years of follow-up","volume":"252","author":"Nilsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1038\/nn957","article-title":"Attention modulates responses in the human lateral geniculate nucleus","volume":"5","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9868","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9868","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation","volume":"87","author":"Ogawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1313","article-title":"Contribution of corticospinal tract damage to cortical motor reorganization after a single clinical attack of multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Pantano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh549","article-title":"A longitudinal fMRI study on motor activity in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Pantano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00043-0","article-title":"Evidence for axonal pathology and adaptive cortical reorganization in patients at presentation with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Rocca","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1896","article-title":"Visual activation patterns in patients with optic neuritis: an fMRI pilot study","volume":"50","author":"Rombouts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2002.tb00142.x","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging in acute unilateral optic neuritis","volume":"12","author":"Russ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2003.08.002","article-title":"MR demonstration of partial lesions of the lateral geniculate body and its functional intra-nuclear topography","volume":"106","author":"Saeki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8975","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2413-04.2004","article-title":"Retinotopic organization and functional subdivisions of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: a high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"24","author":"Schneider","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)49009-3","article-title":"Thalamic relays and cortical functioning","volume":"149","author":"Sherman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00561-2","article-title":"Electrophysiological estimate of human cortical magnification","volume":"112","author":"Slotnick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0510","article-title":"The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis: the mechanisms underlying the production of symptoms and the natural history of the disease","volume":"354","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.3.473","article-title":"Optic neuritis as onset manifestation of multiple sclerosis: a nationwide, long-term survey","volume":"53","author":"Sorensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199409000-00005","article-title":"Neuroradiologic investigation of the visual system using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"11","author":"Tamraz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20448","article-title":"Adaptive cortical plasticity in higher visual areas after acute optic neuritis","volume":"57","author":"Toosy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00700-0","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the cortical response to photic stimulation in humans following optic neuritis recovery","volume":"330","author":"Toosy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.051","article-title":"Optic nerve atrophy and retinal nerve fibre layer thinning following optic neuritis: evidence that axonal loss is a substrate of MRI-detected atrophy","volume":"31","author":"Trip","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.09.024","article-title":"Optic nerve diffusion tensor imaging in optic neuritis","volume":"30","author":"Trip","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.4.441","article-title":"Recovery from optic neuritis is associated with a change in the distribution of cerebral response to visual stimulation: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"68","author":"Werring","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.01.021","article-title":"Linking retinotopic fMRI mapping and anatomical probability maps of human occipital areas V1 and V2","volume":"26","author":"Wohlschlager","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023010308420479600_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.6.2437","article-title":"The pathophysiology of acute optic neuritis. An association of gadolinium leakage with clinical and electrophysiological deficits","volume":"114","author":"Youl","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/130\/5\/1244\/48480053\/brain_130_5_1244.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/130\/5\/1244\/48480053\/brain_130_5_1244.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T08:42:33Z","timestamp":1672735353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/130\/5\/1244\/283406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awm045","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2156","0006-8950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]}}}