{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:44:03Z","timestamp":1791056643253,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,20]],"date-time":"2012-08-20T20:35:29Z","timestamp":1345494929000},"page":"2925-2937","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":354,"title":["Meningeal inflammation plays a role in the pathology of primary progressive multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Sung R.","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owain W.","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Carassiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Magliozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djordje","family":"Gveric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo A.","family":"Muraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Roncaroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0953-0","article-title":"Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: part of the MS disease spectrum or separate disease entity","volume":"123","author":"Antel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.7.723","article-title":"Subpial demyelination in the cerebral cortex of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"62","author":"Bo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/64.2.147","article-title":"The pathology of multiple sclerosis is location-dependent: no significant complement activation is detected in purely cortical lesions","volume":"64","author":"Brink","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.93","article-title":"Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Calabrese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.04.173","article-title":"A voxel-based morphometry study of grey matter loss in MS patients with different clinical phenotypes","volume":"42","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh714","article-title":"Age at disability milestones in multiple sclerosis","volume":"129","author":"Confavreux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/103.2.281","article-title":"Course and prognosis of multiple sclerosis assessed by the computerized data processing of 349 patients","volume":"103","author":"Confavreux","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B8","first-page":"625","article-title":"The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study","volume":"122","author":"Cottrell","year":"1999","journal-title":"5. The clinical features and natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21240","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"63","author":"Dal Bianco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000055926.69643.03","article-title":"Evidence of early cortical atrophy in MS: relevance to white matter changes and disability","volume":"60","author":"De Stefano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20736","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"59","author":"Dutta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21436","article-title":"Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study","volume":"64","author":"Fisher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21423","article-title":"Gray matter atrophy is related to long-term disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Fisniku","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp070","article-title":"The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains","volume":"132","author":"Frischer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.148767","article-title":"Regional variations in the extent and pattern of grey matter demyelination in multiple sclerosis: a comparison between the cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, deep grey matter nuclei and the spinal cord","volume":"80","author":"Gilmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181f3a5b1","article-title":"Activated microglia mediate axoglial disruption that contributes to axonal injury in multiple sclerosis","volume":"69","author":"Howell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr182","article-title":"Meningeal inflammation is widespread and linked to cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis","volume":"134","author":"Howell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg261","article-title":"Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a 5-year clinical and MR study","volume":"126","author":"Ingle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21375","article-title":"Predicting progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a 10-year multicenter study","volume":"63","author":"Khaleeli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh641","article-title":"Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Kutzelnigg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00064.x","article-title":"The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: an overview","volume":"17","author":"Lassmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2006.00781.x","article-title":"Persistent endothelial abnormalities and blood-brain barrier leak in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Leech","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100648","article-title":"Inflammatory cortical demyelination in early multiple sclerosis","volume":"365","author":"Lucchinetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm038","article-title":"Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology","volume":"130","author":"Magliozzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22230","article-title":"A Gradient of neuronal loss and meningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"Magliozzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00177.x","article-title":"Substantial archaeocortical atrophy and neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1123","article-title":"Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"50","author":"Peterson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000250267.85698.7a","article-title":"Gray matter involvement in multiple sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"Pirko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.759","article-title":"A comparison of the pathology of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"117","author":"Revesz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0840-0","article-title":"The neuropathological basis of clinical progression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"122","author":"Reynolds","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318230a17d","article-title":"Age and disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"77","author":"Scalfari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00049.x","article-title":"Detection of ectopic B-cell follicles with germinal centers in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Serafini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp106","article-title":"Greater loss of axons in primary progressive multiple sclerosis plaques compared to secondary progressive disease","volume":"132","author":"Tallantyre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290111","article-title":"Major differences in the dynamics of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Thomson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.6.1085","article-title":"Primary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"120","author":"Thompson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181a19a5a","article-title":"Demyelination, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis deep gray matter","volume":"68","author":"Vercellino","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522091037_aws189-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000237551.26858.39","article-title":"Neocortical neuronal, synaptic, and glial loss in multiple sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Wegner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/135\/10\/2925\/17346360\/aws189.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T20:26:04Z","timestamp":1562099164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/aws189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/aws189","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717955622.793460622","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1460-2156","0006-8950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]]}}}