{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:48:39Z","timestamp":1791892119201,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T02:53:49Z","timestamp":1383274429000},"page":"183-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":439,"title":["Intracranial electroencephalographic seizure-onset patterns: effect of underlying pathology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Piero","family":"Perucca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Dubeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Gotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)00286-T","article-title":"Power spectrum and intracranial EEG patterns at seizure onset in partial epilepsy","volume":"94","author":"Alarcon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Functional stereotaxic exploration (SEEG) of epilepsy","volume":"28","author":"Bancaud","year":"1970","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.06.006","article-title":"Pre-ictal synchronicity in limbic networks of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"61","author":"Bartolomei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn111","article-title":"Epileptogenicity of brain structures in human temporal lobe epilepsy: a quantified study from intracerebral EEG","volume":"131","author":"Bartolomei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.10.019","article-title":"Pitfalls of high-pass filtering for detecting epileptic oscillations: a technical note on \u201cfalse\u201d ripples","volume":"121","author":"B\u00e9nar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x","article-title":"Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005-2009","volume":"51","author":"Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02777.x","article-title":"The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: a consensus classification proposed by an ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission","volume":"52","author":"Bl\u00fcmcke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-05-02012.2002","article-title":"Local generation of fast ripples in epileptic brain","volume":"22","author":"Bragin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00268.x","article-title":"Analysis of chronic seizure onsets after intrahippocampal kainic acid injection in freely moving rats","volume":"46","author":"Bragin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3660","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5309-08.2009","article-title":"The cause of the imbalance in the neuronal network leading to seizure activity can be predicted by the electrographic pattern of the seizure onset","volume":"29","author":"Bragin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B11"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr238","article-title":"Imaging the seizure onset zone with stereo-electroencephalography","volume":"134","author":"David","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02249.x","article-title":"Reevaluating the mechanisms of focal ictogenesis: the role of low-voltage fast activity","volume":"50","author":"de Curtis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.12.046","article-title":"Intracranial EEG seizure onset patterns in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy and their relationship to other variables","volume":"124","author":"Dolezalova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B15","first-page":"609","article-title":"Outcome with respect to epileptic seizures","volume-title":"Surgical treatment of the epilepsies","author":"Engel","year":"1993"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780195328547.001.0001","volume-title":"Seizures and epilepsy","author":"Engel","year":"2013","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(92)90116-Y","article-title":"Ictal EEG wave forms from epidural electrodes predictive of seizure control after temporal lobectomy","volume":"83","author":"Faught","year":"1992","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199207010-00012","article-title":"High-frequency EEG activity at the start of seizures","volume":"9","author":"Fisher","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x","article-title":"Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)","volume":"46","author":"Fisher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03506.x","article-title":"Finding a better drug for epilepsy: the mTOR pathway as an antiepileptogenic target","volume":"53","author":"Galanopoulou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B21","first-page":"59","article-title":"Contributions of electroencephalography and electrocorticography to the neurosurgical treatment of the epilepsies","volume-title":"Neurosurgical management of the epilepsies","author":"Gloor","year":"1975"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21519","article-title":"Fast activity at seizure onset is mediated by inhibitory circuits in the entorhinal cortex in vitro","volume":"64","author":"Gnatkovsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3181fe0585","article-title":"Malformations of cortical development and aberrant cortical networks: epileptogenesis and functional organization","volume":"27","author":"Guerrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21847","article-title":"High-frequency electroencephalographic oscillations correlate with outcome of epilepsy surgery","volume":"67","author":"Jacobs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl085","article-title":"High-frequency oscillations during human focal seizures","volume":"129","author":"Jirsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f8831a","article-title":"Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causing prolonged nonconvulsive status epilepticus","volume":"75","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01761.x","article-title":"Spatial localization and time-dependant changes of electrographic high frequency oscillations in human temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"50","author":"Khosravani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.11.020","article-title":"Rhythmic delta activity represents a form of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in anti-NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis","volume":"20","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00159.x","article-title":"Intracranial EEG seizure-onset patterns in neocortical epilepsy","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13264","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5086-11.2012","article-title":"Two seizure-onset types reveal specific patterns of high-frequency oscillations in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"32","author":"L\u00e9vesque","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2005.04.002","article-title":"Outcomes in newly diagnosed localization-related epilepsies","volume":"14","author":"Mohanraj","year":"2005","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01064.x","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of focal cortical dysplasia: a critical review of human tissue studies and animal models","volume":"48","author":"Najm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01881.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional hippocampal atrophy maps distinguish two common temporal lobe seizure-onset patterns","volume":"50","author":"Ogren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.81.4.0629","article-title":"Frameless stereotaxy for surgery of the epilepsies: preliminary experience","volume":"81","author":"Olivier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Technical note. J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(96)95120-2","article-title":"The significance of ictal depth EEG patterns in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"99","author":"Park","year":"1996","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01063.x","article-title":"Epileptogenesis in experimental models","volume":"48","author":"Pitk\u00e4nen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70310-0","article-title":"Mechanisms of epileptogenesis and potential treatment targets","volume":"10","author":"Pitk\u00e4nen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01390.x","article-title":"Characterization and comparison of local onset and remote propagated electrographic seizures recorded with intracranial electrodes","volume":"39","author":"Schiller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182698cd8","article-title":"Extreme delta brush: a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis","volume":"79","author":"Schmitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb00068.x","article-title":"Relations between EEG seizure morphology, interhemispheric spread, and mesial temporal atrophy in bitemporal epilepsy","volume":"38","author":"Spanedda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1992.tb01706.x","article-title":"Morphological patterns of seizures recorded intracranially","volume":"33","author":"Spencer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(92)90023-B","article-title":"Ictal spikes: a marker of specific hippocampal cell loss","volume":"83","author":"Spencer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf175","article-title":"Focal cortical dysplasia: neuropathological subtypes, EEG, neuroimaging and surgical outcome","volume":"125","author":"Tassi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1155\/NP.2000.49","article-title":"Functional and anatomic correlates of two frequently observed temporal lobe seizure-onset patterns","volume":"7","author":"Velasco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2982","article-title":"Before epilepsy unfolds: finding the epileptogenesis switch","volume":"18","author":"Vezzani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.52","article-title":"The pathology of magnetic-resonance-imaging-negative epilepsy","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg144","article-title":"Epileptic fast intracerebral EEG activity: evidence for spatial decorrelation at seizure onset","volume":"126","author":"Wendling","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.31101.x","article-title":"Preeminence of extrahippocampal structures in the generation of mesial temporal seizures: evidence from human depth electrode recordings","volume":"43","author":"Wennberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.8.JNS17643","article-title":"Intracranial electroencephalography seizure onset patterns and surgical outcomes in nonlesional extratemporal epilepsy","volume":"110","author":"Wetjen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380513","article-title":"Depth electrode studies and intracellular dentate granule cell recordings in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"38","author":"Williamson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000344402.20334.81","article-title":"High-frequency oscillations mirror disease activity in patients with epilepsy","volume":"72","author":"Zijlmans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.09.021","article-title":"Ictal and interictal high frequency oscillations in patients with focal epilepsy","volume":"122","author":"Zijlmans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425175403_awt299-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22548","article-title":"High-frequency oscillations as a new biomarker in epilepsy","volume":"71","author":"Zijlmans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/137\/1\/183\/13796630\/awt299.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T17:51:49Z","timestamp":1564595509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awt299"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awt299","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2156","0006-8950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]]}}}