{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T02:03:39Z","timestamp":1784167419015,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T22:32:23Z","timestamp":1385159543000},"page":"520-536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Hypertrophic pachymeningitis: significance of myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Akiko","family":"Yokoseki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etsuji","family":"Saji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musashi","family":"Arakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Kosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Hokari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuko","family":"Toyoshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kouichirou","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Sanpei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsei","family":"Hirohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kouhei","family":"Akazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiyoshi","family":"Kakita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoyo","family":"Nishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Kawachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-004-0288-3","article-title":"MPO-ANCA-positive Wegener's granulomatosis presenting with hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis: case report and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Akahoshi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1786","article-title":"Lymphoid neogenesis in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"6","author":"Aloisi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61762-2","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmune disease: demonstration of thyroid antigen-specific B cells and recombination-activating gene expression in chemokine-containing active intrathyroidal germinal centers","volume":"159","author":"Armengol","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp048338","article-title":"The spectrum of Wegener's granulomatosis and disease relapse","volume":"352","author":"Bacon","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12888-7","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"361","author":"Baughman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.160457","article-title":"Cranial pachymeningitis: a rare neurological syndrome with heterogeneous aetiology","volume":"81","author":"Bruggemann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(66)90214-2","article-title":"Limited forms of angiitis and granulomatosis of Wegener's type","volume":"41","author":"Carrington","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0286-y","article-title":"Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"14","author":"Cartin-Ceba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.158","article-title":"ANCA-associated vasculitides\u2014advances in pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199006000-00006","article-title":"Interpretation of head and neck biopsies in Wegener's granulomatosis. A pathologic study of 126 biopsies in 70 patients","volume":"14","author":"Devaney","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker205","article-title":"Comparison of the epidemiology of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis between Japan and the U.K","volume":"50","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000143063.12569.FC","article-title":"Hypertrophic pachymeningitis as an initial and cardinal manifestation of microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"63","author":"Furukawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062711","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for conducting clinical studies and\/or clinical trials in systemic vasculitis: focus on anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"66","author":"Hellmich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130203","article-title":"Prospective long-term follow-up of patients with localised Wegener's granulomatosis: does it occur as persistent disease stage?","volume":"69","author":"Holle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B15","first-page":"684","article-title":"Histopathological features predictive of a clinical diagnosis of ophthalmic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)","volume":"5","author":"Isa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B16","first-page":"1027","article-title":"A comparative study of the diagnostic accuracy of ELISA systems for the detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies available in Japan and Europe","volume":"26","author":"Ito-Ihara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000231498.61781.ec","article-title":"Hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis associated with middle ear inflammation","volume":"27","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-004-1022-4","article-title":"P-ANCA cranial pachymeningitis: a case report","volume":"24","author":"Jacobi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370206","article-title":"Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference","volume":"37","author":"Jennette","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised international chapel hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B21","first-page":"397","article-title":"Pachymeningitis in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA): a case report and a review of central nervous system involvement in MPA","volume":"18","author":"Kono","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B22","first-page":"421","article-title":"B lymphocyte differentiation in granulomatous tissues of the lung and the nasal mucosa in Wegener's granulomatosis: origin of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody formation?","volume":"66","author":"Kramer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000113748.53023.B7","article-title":"Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis","volume":"62","author":"Kupersmith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-004-2525-0","article-title":"Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"29","author":"Lamprecht","year":"2004","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-011-0780-z","article-title":"T-cells in ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"70","author":"Lamprecht","year":"2011","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330807","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"33","author":"Leavitt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.1412","article-title":"Compressive retrobulbar optic neuropathy due to hypertrophic pachymeningitis","volume":"47","author":"Liewluck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34562","article-title":"Classification of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitides: the role of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody specificity for myeloperoxidase or proteinase 3 in disease recognition and prognosis","volume":"64","author":"Lionaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3579(97)80052-0","article-title":"Disease assessment and management of the vasculitides","volume":"11","author":"Luqmani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108735","article-title":"Genetically distinct subsets within ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"367","author":"Lyons","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.027029","article-title":"Macrophages overloaded with tissue debris in Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"64","author":"Mackiewicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm038","article-title":"Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology","volume":"130","author":"Magliozzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B33","first-page":"1186","article-title":"The petrosquamosal sinus: CT and MR findings of a rare emissary vein","volume":"22","author":"Marsot-Dupuch","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.088096","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis","volume":"68","author":"Mukhtyar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH656>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Localized Wegener's granulomatosis: predominance of CD26 and IFN-gamma expression","volume":"192","author":"Muller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1789.2000.00282.x","article-title":"P-ANCA-positive Wegener's granulomatosis presenting with hypertrophic pachymeningitis and multiple cranial neuropathies: case report and review of literature","volume":"20","author":"Nagashima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-006-0537-8","article-title":"CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrate predominantly in the inflammatory foci of MPO-ANCA-positive thoracic hypertrophic pachymeningitis in a patient with HLA-A24","volume":"17","author":"Nakamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27580","article-title":"The 2010 American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: Phase 2 methodological report","volume":"62","author":"Neogi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0267","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies against the murine homolog of proteinase 3 (Wegener autoantigen) are pathogenic in vivo","volume":"104","author":"Pfister","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119662","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies induce monocyte IL-8 release. Role of surface proteinase-3, alpha1-antitrypsin, and Fcgamma receptors","volume":"100","author":"Ralston","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11311","article-title":"Cellular basis of ectopic germinal center formation and autoantibody production in the target organ of patients with Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Salomonsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.272065155","article-title":"Patterns of contrast enhancement in the brain and meninges","volume":"27","author":"Smirniotopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B43","first-page":"825","article-title":"An old man presenting with fluctuating bilateral multiple cranial nerve palsies and positive test for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody","volume":"51","author":"Sugiyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"No To Shinkei"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.2.1072","article-title":"Lymphoid neogenesis in rheumatoid synovitis","volume":"167","author":"Takemura","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2001.00056.x","article-title":"Hypertrophic pachymeningitis with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA), and diabetes insipidus","volume":"104","author":"Takuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-011-0571-z","article-title":"Comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), 2011","volume":"22","author":"Umehara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.5.604","article-title":"Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients","volume":"19","author":"van Swieten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.054593","article-title":"Development and validation of a consensus methodology for the classification of the ANCA-associated vasculitides and polyarteritis nodosa for epidemiological studies","volume":"66","author":"Watts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425182112_awt314-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215918","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase cause glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in mice","volume":"110","author":"Xiao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/137\/2\/520\/13797453\/awt314.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T18:44:22Z","timestamp":1503427462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awt314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awt314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2156","0006-8950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]]}}}