{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:15:45Z","timestamp":1791224145678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,25]],"date-time":"2014-12-25T04:26:02Z","timestamp":1419481562000},"page":"653-663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Imaging acetylcholinesterase density in peripheral organs in Parkinson's disease with 11C-donepezil PET"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Trine","family":"Gjerl\u00f8ff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Fedorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole L.","family":"Munk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adjmal","family":"Nahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steen","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik H.","family":"Danielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid J.","family":"Terkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Pavese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Borghammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02056950","article-title":"A constipation scoring system to simplify evaluation and management of constipated patients","volume":"39","author":"Agachan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10599","article-title":"Chemical coding of the human gastrointestinal nervous system: cholinergic, VIPergic, and catecholaminergic phenotypes","volume":"459","author":"Anlauf","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1040-2","article-title":"Parkinson's disease is not associated with gastrointestinal myenteric ganglion neuron loss","volume":"124","author":"Annerino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0664-3","article-title":"Multi-organ distribution of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein histopathology in subjects with Lewy body disorders","volume":"119","author":"Beach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1993.1021","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase staining and choline acetyltransferase activity in the young adult rat spleen: lack of evidence for cholinergic innervation","volume":"7","author":"Bellinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540104900104","article-title":"Demonstration of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in a continuous tubular lysosomal system of rat pancreatic acinar cells","volume":"49","author":"Bendayan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.11.012","article-title":"Gastric alpha-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson's disease-related brain pathology","volume":"396","author":"Braak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1584","article-title":"Diabetes and risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Cereda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1158","article-title":"Autonomic innervation of the human cardiac conduction system: changes from infancy to senility\u2013an immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis","volume":"264","author":"Chow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1999.19530341.x","article-title":"Localisation and quantitation of autonomic innervation in the porcine heart I: conduction system","volume":"195","author":"Crick","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6839","article-title":"Acetylcholine metabolism in the inflamed rat intestine","volume":"152","author":"Davis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2011.11.006","article-title":"Expression of the non-neuronal cholinergic system in rat beta-cells","volume":"167","author":"Delbro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/86.4.781","article-title":"The pathology of certain medullary nuclei in Parkinsonism","volume":"86","author":"Eadie","year":"1963","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(86)90079-2","article-title":"Tracer diffusion has exaggerated CNS maps of direct preganglionic innervation of pancreas","volume":"15","author":"Fox","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.11.2106","article-title":"Age-related loss of dorsal vagal neurons in Parkinson's disease","volume":"42","author":"Gai","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B17","volume-title":"Cholinesterases and Cholinesterase Inhibitors","author":"Giacobini","year":"2000"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.114.143859","article-title":"In vivo imaging of human acetylcholinesterase density in peripheral organs using 11C-donepezil: dosimetry, biodistribution, and kinetic analyses","volume":"55","author":"Gjerl\u00f8ff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21198","article-title":"Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Process, format, and clinimetric testing plan","volume":"22","author":"Goetz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.8.1247","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension from sympathetic denervation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"58","author":"Goldstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5859","article-title":"Causes and consequences of degeneration of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve in Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Greene","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signaal"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.04.031","article-title":"Cardiac denervation occurs independent of orthostatic hypotension and impaired heart rate variability in Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Haensch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1203","article-title":"Gastric emptying time and gastric motility in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Hardoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: a dual-hit hypothesis","volume":"33","author":"Hawkes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1214-6","article-title":"Accumulation of alpha-synuclein in the bowel of patients in the pre-clinical phase of Parkinson's disease","volume":"127","author":"Hilton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1159\/000147489","article-title":"A histochemical study of the distribution of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves in the goat pancreas","volume":"147","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.006","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of donepezil binding to acetylcholinesterase using positron emission tomography and [5-(11)C-methoxy]donepezil","volume":"46","author":"Hiraoka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61859-2","article-title":"Vagal efferent projections: viscerotopy, neurochemistry and effects of vagotomy","volume":"107","author":"Hopkins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1497","article-title":"Improved accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Lewy body Parkinson's disease","volume":"57","author":"Hughes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39","article-title":"\u2018Sniffin\u2019 sticks': olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold","volume":"22","author":"Hummel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01798536","article-title":"Constipation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"69","author":"Jost","year":"1991","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00127.x","article-title":"Heart rate variability in patients with untreated Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Kallio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12728","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012728","article-title":"Colonic biopsies to assess the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease and its relationship with symptoms","volume":"5","author":"Lebouvier","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(74)90031-9","article-title":"Glucose intolerance in Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"Lipman","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281f47d","article-title":"MicroRNA-132 modulates cholinergic signaling and inflammation in human inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"19","author":"Maharshak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000249313.25627.2e","article-title":"Reduced cardiac 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"67","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2013.01.006","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of the murine cardiac conduction system: a combined stereomicroscopic and fluorescence immunohistochemical study","volume":"176","author":"Pauza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.124792","article-title":"In vivo imaging of human cholinergic nerve terminals with (-)-5-(18)F-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol: biodistribution, dosimetry, and tracer kinetic analyses","volume":"55","author":"Petrou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.02.074","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein-immunopositive myenteric neurons and vagal preganglionic terminals: autonomic pathway implicated in Parkinson's disease?","volume":"153","author":"Phillips","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B40","first-page":"307","article-title":"Guidelines\u2013Rome III Diagnostic Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders","volume":"15","author":"Rome","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases: JGLD"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-238279","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte-secreted acetylcholine is required for maintenance of homeostasis in the heart","author":"Roy","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459309003322","article-title":"The relationship between diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease","volume":"69","author":"Sandyk","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c34af5","article-title":"Medical records documentation of constipation preceding Parkinson disease: A case-control study","volume":"73","author":"Savica","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000145053","article-title":"Die Wirkung einer subtotalen Vagotomie auf den Plexus myentericus (Auerbach) verschiedener Darmabschnitte","volume":"104","author":"Schmid","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25020","article-title":"Is alpha-synuclein in the colon a biomarker for premotor Parkinson's disease? Evidence from 3 cases","volume":"27","author":"Shannon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21740","article-title":"The REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire\u2014a new diagnostic instrument","volume":"22","author":"Stiasny-Kolster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5769-z","article-title":"Is there a delayed gastric emptying of patients with early-stage, untreated Parkinson's disease? An analysis using the 13C-acetate breath test","volume":"258","author":"Tanaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607108321705","article-title":"Visceral nerves: vagal and sympathetic innervation","volume":"32","author":"Teff","year":"2008","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31823bbfb0","article-title":"Heart rate variability in complex regional pain syndrome during rest and mental and orthostatic stress","volume":"116","author":"Terkelsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20784","article-title":"Quantitative study of salivary secretion in Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Tumilasci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19970601)37:5\/6<399::AID-JEMT4>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Distribution and ultrastructure of the autonomic nerves in the mouse pancreas","volume":"37","author":"Ushiki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687767","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: the presence of Lewy bodies in Auerbach's and Meissner's plexuses","volume":"76","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107427","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107427","article-title":"Distribution of intravenously administered acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and acetylcholinesterase activity in the adrenal gland: 11C-Donepezil PET study in the normal rat","volume":"9","author":"Watabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170425180610_awu369-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.1.1.121","article-title":"The pharmacology of donepezil: a new treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"1","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/138\/3\/653\/13799074\/awu369.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T20:46:10Z","timestamp":1503434770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awu369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awu369","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2156","0006-8950"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]}}}