{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:50:48Z","timestamp":1790776248452,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG\/16\/4\/32218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/16\/4\/32218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["667375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["667375"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"UK National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thrombosis and platelet activation play a central role in stroke pathogenesis, and antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies are central to stroke prevention. However, whether haematological traits contribute equally to all ischaemic stroke subtypes is uncertain. Furthermore, identification of associations with new traits may offer novel treatment opportunities. The aim of this research was to ascertain causal relationships between a wide range of haematological traits and ischaemic stroke and its subtypes. We obtained summary statistics from 27 published genome-wide association studies of haematological traits involving over 375 000 individuals, and genetic associations with stroke from the MEGASTROKE Consortium (n = 67 000 stroke cases). Using two-sample Mendelian randomization we analysed the association of genetically elevated levels of 36 blood cell traits (platelets, mature\/immature red cells, and myeloid\/lymphoid\/compound white cells) and 49 haemostasis traits (including clotting cascade factors and markers of platelet function) with risk of developing ischaemic (AIS), cardioembolic (CES), large artery (LAS), and small vessel stroke (SVS). Several factors on the intrinsic clotting pathway were significantly associated (P &amp;lt; 3.85 \u00d7 10\u22124) with CES and LAS, but not with SVS (e.g. reduced factor VIII activity with AIS\/CES\/LAS; raised factor VIII antigen with AIS\/CES; and increased factor XI activity with AIS\/CES). On the common pathway, increased gamma (\u03b3\u2032) fibrinogen was significantly associated with AIS\/CES. Furthermore, elevated plateletcrit was significantly associated with AIS\/CES, eosinophil percentage of white cells with LAS, and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor activation peptide antigen with AIS. We also conducted a follow-up analysis in UK Biobank, which showed that amongst individuals with atrial fibrillation, those with genetically lower levels of factor XI are at reduced risk of AIS compared to those with normal levels of factor XI. These results implicate components of the intrinsic and common pathways of the clotting cascade, as well as several other haematological traits, in the pathogenesis of CES and possibly LAS, but not SVS. The lack of associations with SVS suggests thrombosis may be less important for this stroke subtype. Plateletcrit and factor XI are potentially tractable new targets for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke, while factor VIII and \u03b3\u2032 fibrinogen require further population-based studies to ascertain their possible aetiological roles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T08:51:02Z","timestamp":1572598262000},"page":"210-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The role of haematological traits in risk of ischaemic stroke and its subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"143","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8767-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric L","family":"Harshfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4503-0265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew C","family":"Sims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Traylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem H","family":"Ouwehand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh S","family":"Markus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020013108072215900_awz362-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke: definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. 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