{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T15:51:04Z","timestamp":1768924264422,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":131,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004033","name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Collaborative Research Center","award":["1193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1193"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Research Center","award":["CRC TR-128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC TR-128"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German research foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy","award":["WIPANO-03THW13K05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WIPANO-03THW13K05"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001645","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BIF-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIF-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The roles of central nervous mechanisms and cortical output in obstructive sleep apnoea remain unclear. We addressed corticomuscular coupling between cortical sensorimotor areas and lower facial motor units as a mechanistic pathway and as a possible surrogate marker of corticoperipheral motor control in obstructive sleep apnoea. In this exploratory cross-sectional retrospective study, we analysed EEG (C3 and C4 leads) and chin EMG from polysomnography recordings in 86 participants (22 females; age range: 26\u201381\u2009years): 27 with mild (respiratory disturbance index = 5\u201315 events\/h), 21 with moderate (15\u201330 events\/h) and 23 with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (&amp;gt;30 events\/h) and 15 control subjects (&amp;lt;5 events\/h). By computing C3-\/C4-EEG\u2013chin EMG coherence of signal dynamics in time and frequency domains, we investigated corticomuscular coupling between cortical sensorimotor areas and lower facial motor units with increasing obstructive sleep apnoea severity during the entire sleeping time, during different sleep stages and during obstructive respiratory events, including 5\u2009s before (stable breathing) and after events (breathing resumption). In addition, we studied a possible influence of body mass index and autonomic nervous system activation. We found that both average and respiratory event-specific corticomuscular coupling between cortical sensorimotor areas and lower facial motor units weakened significantly with increasing obstructive sleep apnoea severity, was strongest during N3 and weakened in N1, N2 and rapid eye movement stages (in decreasing order). Coupling increases significantly during the obstructive respiratory events compared with coupling just before and following them. Results were independent of body mass index or autonomic nervous system activation. We conclude that obstructive respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnoea are very strongly associated both quantitatively and temporally with the degree of disconnection within the cortical sensorimotor areas\u2014lower facial motor units pathway. This quite coordinated activity pattern suggests a cortical sensorimotor area-driven obstructive respiratory event pattern generator and a central motor output disorder in obstructive sleep apnoea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T03:21:01Z","timestamp":1589253661000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Corticoperipheral neuromuscular disconnection in obstructive sleep apnoea"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Haralampos","family":"Gouveris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine Center and Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine Center and Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center of 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Neurology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tilman","family":"Huppertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine Center and Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergiu","family":"Groppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6158-2663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthuraman","family":"Muthuraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders and 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