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Wenske Fund and the Les Turner ALS Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The genetic underpinnings of late-onset degenerative disease have typically been determined by screening families for the segregation of genetic variants with the disease trait in affected, but not unaffected, individuals. However, instances of intrafamilial etiological heterogeneity, where pathogenic variants in a culprit gene are not shared among all affected family members, continue to emerge and confound gene-discovery and genetic counselling efforts. Discordant intrafamilial cases lacking a mutation shared by other affected family members are described as disease phenocopies. This description often results in an over-simplified acceptance of an environmental cause of disease in the phenocopy cases, while the role of intrafamilial genetic heterogeneity, shared de novo mutations or epigenetic aberrations in such families is often ignored. On a related note, it is now evident that the same disease-associated variant can be present in individuals exhibiting clinically distinct phenotypes, thereby genetically uniting seemingly unrelated syndromes to form a spectrum of disease. Herein, we discuss the intricacies of determining complex degenerative disease aetiology and suggest alternative mechanisms of disease transmission that may account for the apparent missing heritability of disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T16:44:23Z","timestamp":1602002663000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intricacies of aetiology in intrafamilial degenerative disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Jessica L","family":"Lowry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9anna B","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2258-3820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y Taylan","family":"Esengul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nailah","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teepu","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020102509204328700_fcaa120-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1110-1","article-title":"New insights into the generation and role of de novo mutations in health and disease","volume":"17","author":"Acuna-Hidalgo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome 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