{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:06:45Z","timestamp":1787828805163,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":261,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-01088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-01088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-01059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-01059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Serum creatinine and C-reactive protein have been proposed as potential biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson\u2019s disease. However, longitudinal studies investigating temporal patterns of these biomarkers, including the phase before diagnosis, are rare. We performed a case\u2013control study including all newly diagnosed patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (N\u2009=\u2009525), multiple sclerosis (N\u2009=\u20091815) or Parkinson\u2019s disease (N\u2009=\u20093797) during 2006\u20132013 in Stockholm, Sweden, who participated in the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project. For each case, we randomly selected up to five controls from SCREAM that were individually matched to the case by age, sex and county of residence (N\u2009=\u20092625 for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, N\u2009=\u20099063 for multiple sclerosis and 18\u2009960 for Parkinson\u2019s disease). We collected for both the cases and the controls testing results of serum creatinine and C-reactive protein performed by healthcare providers in Stockholm during the study period. Median levels of creatinine and C-reactive protein were visualized using locally weighted smoothing curves among cases and controls. A linear mixed model was also applied to explore temporal changes within an individual. Compared to controls, patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis had lower levels of creatinine from 2\u2009years before diagnosis onwards. In contrast, patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis had lower levels of C-reactive protein before diagnosis but higher levels after diagnosis, compared to controls. Focusing the 2\u2009years before to 2\u2009years after diagnosis, patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis displayed statistically significantly decreasing level of creatinine from 1\u2009year before diagnosis until 2\u2009years after diagnosis, whereas increasing level of C-reactive protein from diagnosis until 2\u2009years after diagnosis. There were no similar patterns noted among patients with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson\u2019s disease, or the controls of the three patient groups. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis display distinct temporal patterns of creatinine and C-reactive protein before and after diagnosis, compared to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-free controls or patients with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T16:14:48Z","timestamp":1600445688000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Creatinine and C-reactive protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Can","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2252-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudi","family":"Pawitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Piehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Ingre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Wirdefeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8650-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Renal Medicine, Department of CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 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