{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T23:00:39Z","timestamp":1785193239421,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cervical Spine Research Society and the Physicians\u2019 Services Incorporated Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Degenerative cervical myelopathy is a common condition resulting from chronic compression of the spinal cord by degenerating structures of the spine. Degenerative cervical myelopathy present a wide range of outcomes, and the biological factors underlying this variability are poorly understood. Previous studies have found elevated MIR21-5p in the sub-acute and chronic neuroinflammatory environment after spinal cord injury. As chronic spinal cord neuroinflammation is a major feature of degenerative cervical myelopathy, we hypothesized that MIR21-5p may be particularly relevant to disease pathobiology, and could serve as a potential biomarker. A prospective cohort study of 69 human degenerative cervical myelopathy patients (36 male:33 female) between the ages of 30 and 78\u2009years was performed to identify the relationship between MIR21-5p expression, symptom severity and treatment outcomes. Results from this study identified a positive correlation between elevated plasma MIR21-5p expression, initial symptom severity and poor treatment outcomes. Subsequent validation of these relationships using a mouse model of degenerative cervical myelopathy identified a similar elevation of MIR21-5p expression at 6 and 12\u2009weeks after onset, corresponding to moderate to severe neurological deficits. To further determine how MIR21-5p affects cervical myelopathy pathobiology, this mouse model was applied to a Mir21 knockout mouse line. Deletion of the Mir21 gene preserved locomotor function on rotarod and forced swim tests, but also resulted in increased nociception based on tail flick, Von Frey filament and electrophysiological testing. Critically, Mir21 knockout mice also had reduced spinal cord inflammation, demonstrated by the reduction of Iba1+ microglia by \u223c50% relative to wild-type controls. In vitro experiments using primary microglial cultures confirmed that MIR21-5p expression was greatly increased after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (pro-inflammatory), Il4 (anti-inflammatory) and hypoxia. Mir21 knockout did not appear to alter the ability of microglia to respond to these stimuli, as expression of key pro- and anti-inflammatory response genes was not significantly altered. However, target prediction algorithms identified the IL6\/STAT3 pathway as a potential downstream target of MIR21-5p, and subsequent in vitro testing found that expression of components of the IL6 receptor complex, Il6ra and Il6st, were significantly higher in Mir21 knockout microglia. In aggregate, these data show that Mir21 plays a role in the progression of motor deficits and neuroinflammatory modulation in degenerative cervical myelopathy. Given this role in neuroinflammation, and its association with poor patient outcomes, MIR21-5p represents a potential therapeutic target and a new marker for prognostication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T14:36:35Z","timestamp":1611239795000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["<i>Mir21<\/i> modulates inflammation and sensorimotor deficits in cervical myelopathy: data from humans and animal models"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Alex M","family":"Laliberte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyridon K","family":"Karadimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia M","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Basic Science, Biomedical Science Research Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de la Sant\u00edsima Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajana","family":"Satkunendrarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"},{"name":"Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Fehlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199109000-00005","article-title":"Cervical laminectomy and dentate ligament section for cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"4","author":"Benzel","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4066","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200728","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing identifies microRNAs that associate with pathogenic autoimmune neuroinflammation in rats","volume":"190","author":"Bergman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17935","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3860-12.2012","article-title":"microRNA-21 regulates astrocytic response following spinal cord injury","volume":"32","author":"Bhalala","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.10.036","article-title":"Assessment and analysis of mechanical allodynia-like behavior induced by spared nerve injury (SNI) in the mouse","volume":"122","author":"Bourquin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1966.25.1.0045","article-title":"Effects of mechanical stresses on the spinal cord in cervical spondylosis. A study on fresh cadaver material","volume":"25","author":"Breig","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101066","article-title":"Plasticity Related Gene 3 (PRG3) overcomes myelin-associated growth inhibition and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"8","author":"Broggini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700600R","article-title":"Exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate cognitive decline by rescuing synaptic dysfunction and regulating inflammatory responses in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"32","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1996.16.695","article-title":"Interleukin-6-mediated hyperalgesia\/allodynia and increased spinal IL-6 expression in a rat mononeuropathy model","volume":"16","author":"DeLeo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5754","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5007-09.2010","article-title":"SOCS3-mediated blockade of JAK\/STAT3 signaling pathway reveals its major contribution to spinal cord neuroinflammation and mechanical allodynia after peripheral nerve injury","volume":"30","author":"Dominguez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05566.x","article-title":"JAK\/STAT3 pathway is activated in spinal cord microglia after peripheral nerve injury and contributes to neuropathic pain development in rat","volume":"107","author":"Dominguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000988","article-title":"A global perspective on the outcomes of surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: results from the prospective multicenter AOSpine international study on 479 patients","volume":"40","author":"Fehlings","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094188","article-title":"The pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6, enhances the polarization of alternatively activated macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Fernando","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.3.2189","article-title":"IL-6 regulates neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammation via STAT3","volume":"181","author":"Fielding","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858417721150","article-title":"MicroRNAs: roles in regulating neuroinflammation","volume":"24","author":"Gaudet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6718","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06718","article-title":"miR-21 improves the neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury in rats","volume":"4","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12092","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury increases levels of miR-21 in extracellular vesicles: implications for neuroinflammation","volume":"6","author":"Harrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64528","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064528","article-title":"The prevalence and phenotype of activated microglia\/macrophages within the spinal cord of the hyperostotic mouse (twy\/twy) changes in response to chronic progressive spinal cord compression: implications for human cervical compressive myelopathy","volume":"8","author":"Hirai","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21902","article-title":"Changes in the expression of IL-6-mediated microRNAs in the dorsal root ganglion under neuropathic pain in mice","volume":"70","author":"Hori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2748","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic effect of microRNA-21 after contusion spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"30","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16366-6","article-title":"Ischemic postconditioning protects against intestinal ischemia\/reperfusion injury via the HIF-1\u03b1\/miR-21 Axis","volume":"7","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-017-0105-5","article-title":"Measurement of mechanical withdrawal thresholds and gait analysis using the CatWalk method in a nucleus pulposus-applied rodent model","volume":"4","author":"Kameda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Ortop"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a7f2c3","article-title":"Pathophysiology and natural history of cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"38","author":"Karadimas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3264-4","article-title":"Pathobiology of cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"24","author":"Karadimas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316ra194","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac6524","article-title":"Riluzole blocks perioperative ischemia-reperfusion injury and enhances postdecompression outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"7","author":"Karadimas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.02.013","article-title":"A novel experimental model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) to facilitate translational research","volume":"54","author":"Karadimas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00219","article-title":"Differential impact of miR-21 on pain and associated affective and cognitive behavior after spared nerve injury in B7-H1 ko Mouse","volume":"10","author":"Karl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001842","article-title":"Prevalence and imaging characteristics of nonmyelopathic and myelopathic spondylotic cervical cord compression","volume":"41","author":"Kovalova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0941-3","article-title":"Responses of rat and mouse primary microglia to pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli: molecular profiles, K+ channels and migration [Internet]","volume":"14","author":"Lam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.07.041","article-title":"Aberrant microRNA expression in patients with painful peripheral neuropathies","volume":"380","author":"Leinders","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.11","article-title":"The treatment of mild cervical spondylotic myelopathy with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.06.015","article-title":"Altered microRNA expression following traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"219","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75804","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075804","article-title":"Stat3 inhibition attenuates mechanical allodynia through transcriptional regulation of chemokine expression in spinal astrocytes [Internet]","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9589","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501794102","article-title":"IL-6 trans-signaling via STAT3 directs T cell infiltration in acute inflammation","volume":"102","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318299536a","article-title":"Assessment of pain behavior in a rat model of intervertebral disc injury using the CatWalk gait analysis system","volume":"38","author":"Miyagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13375","article-title":"Microglial Janus kinase\/signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 pathway activity directly impacts astrocyte and spinal neuron characteristics","volume":"136","author":"Molet","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.10.020","article-title":"Riluzole attenuates neuropathic pain and enhances functional recovery in a rodent model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"62","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI74347","article-title":"MicroRNA-21 promotes Th17 differentiation and mediates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"125","author":"Murugaiyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E675","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000913","article-title":"Degenerative cervical myelopathy: epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Nouri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/95.1.87","article-title":"The pathogenesis of the spinal cord disorder associated with cervical spondylosis","volume":"95","author":"Nurick","year":"1972","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318259a65b","article-title":"Natural course and prognostic factors in patients with mild cervical spondylotic myelopathy with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"37","author":"Oshima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80334-9","article-title":"Role of IL-6 and its soluble receptor in induction of chemokines and leukocyte recruitment","volume":"6","author":"Romano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52234-1","article-title":"Role of macrophages and activated microglia in neuropathic pain associated with chronic progressive spinal cord compression","volume":"9","author":"Takeura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4660-8","article-title":"The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"26","author":"Tetreault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr025","article-title":"JAK-STAT3 pathway regulates spinal astrocyte proliferation and neuropathic pain maintenance in rats","volume":"134","author":"Tsuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92512","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.92512","article-title":"Delayed decompression exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury in cervical compressive myelopathy","volume":"2","author":"Vidal","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e954","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.466","article-title":"ADAM17 is a survival factor for microglial cells in vitro and in vivo after spinal cord injury in mice","volume":"4","author":"Vidal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0115855","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115855","article-title":"MicroRNA 21 is a homeostatic regulator of macrophage polarization and prevents prostaglandin E 2-mediated M2 generation","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/ni938","article-title":"IL-6 induces an anti-inflammatory response in the absence of SOCS3 in macrophages","volume":"4","author":"Yasukawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005032","article-title":"MiR-21 in extracellular vesicles leads to neurotoxicity via TLR7 signaling in SIV neurological disease","volume":"11","author":"Yelamanchili","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr054","article-title":"Human neuropathological and animal model evidence supporting a role for Fas-mediated apoptosis and inflammation in cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"134","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34534","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034534","article-title":"MicroRNA dysregulation in the spinal cord following traumatic injury","volume":"7","author":"Yunta","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16614","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28920","article-title":"miR-21 inhibits neuropathic pain development via directly targeting C-C motif ligand 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3","volume":"120","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2021021203372834200_fcaa234-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14724","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014724","article-title":"Temporal differences in microRNA expression patterns in astrocytes and neurons after ischemic injury","volume":"6","author":"Ziu","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Brain Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa234\/36135297\/fcaa234.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/3\/1\/fcaa234\/36242029\/fcaa234.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/3\/1\/fcaa234\/36242029\/fcaa234.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T22:04:19Z","timestamp":1613167459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa234\/6105077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa234","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"article-number":"fcaa234"}}