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Although the intellectual disability typically displayed by individuals with Down syndrome is generally global, it also involves disproportionate deficits in hippocampally-mediated cognitive processes. Hippocampal dysfunction may also relate to Alzheimer\u2019s disease-type pathology, which can appear in as early as the first decade of life and becomes universal by age 40. Using 7-tesla MRI of the brain, we present an assessment of the structure and function of the hippocampus in 34 individuals with Down syndrome (mean age 24.5\u2009years \u00b1 6.5) and 27 age- and sex-matched typically developing healthy controls. In addition to increased whole-brain mean cortical thickness and lateral ventricle volumes (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20091.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22124), individuals with Down syndrome showed selective volume reductions in bilateral hippocampal subfields cornu Ammonis field 1, dentate gyrus, and tail (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.005). In the group with Down syndrome, bilateral hippocampi showed widespread reductions in the strength of functional connectivity, predominately to frontal regions (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.02). Age was not related to hippocampal volumes or functional connectivity measures in either group, but both groups showed similar relationships of age to whole-brain volume measures (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Finally, we performed an exploratory analysis of a subgroup of individuals with Down syndrome with both imaging and neuropsychological assessments. This analysis indicated that measures of spatial memory were related to mean cortical thickness, total grey matter volume and right hemisphere hippocampal subfield volumes (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.02). This work provides a first demonstration of the usefulness of high-field MRI to detect subtle differences in structure and function of the hippocampus in individuals with Down syndrome, and suggests the potential for development of MRI-derived measures as surrogate markers of drug efficacy in pharmacological studies designed to investigate enhancement of cognitive function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T01:27:14Z","timestamp":1618622834000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["High resolution structural and functional MRI of the hippocampus in young adults with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1504-7130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A","family":"Koenig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Sciences, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se-Hong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Sciences, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 449-791, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa R","family":"Stasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Gerry","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Ruedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z Irene","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B","family":"Leverenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7855-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto C S","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9365","key":"2021100607130285000_fcab088-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12987-X","article-title":"Down\u2019s syndrome","volume":"361","author":"Roizen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021100607130285000_fcab088-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.38512","article-title":"Co-occurring medical conditions in adults with Down syndrome: A systematic review toward the development of health care guidelines","volume":"176","author":"Capone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet 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