{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:57:56Z","timestamp":1791835076107,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Near-death experiences are known from all parts of the world, various times and numerous cultural backgrounds. This universality suggests that near-death experiences may have a biological origin and purpose. Adhering to a preregistered protocol, we investigate the hypothesis that thanatosis, aka death-feigning, a last-resort defense mechanism in animals, is the evolutionary origin of near-death experiences. We first show that thanatosis is a highly preserved survival strategy occurring at all major nodes in a cladogram ranging from insects to humans. We then show that humans under attack by animal, human and \u2018modern\u2019 predators can experience both thanatosis and near-death experiences, and we further show that the phenomenology and the effects of the two overlap. In summary, we build a line of evidence suggesting that thanatosis is the evolutionary foundation of near-death experiences and that their shared biological purpose is the benefit of survival. We propose that the acquisition of language enabled humans to transform these events from relatively stereotyped death-feigning under predatory attacks into the rich perceptions that form near-death experiences and extend to non-predatory situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T15:16:55Z","timestamp":1624288615000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The evolutionary origin of near-death experiences: a systematic investigation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Costanza","family":"Peinkhofer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2000, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Martial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge 4000, Belgium"},{"name":"Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge 4000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Cassol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge 4000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Laureys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge 4000, Belgium"},{"name":"Centre du Cerveau2, University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge 4000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5562-9808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Kondziella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2021090609504158000_fcab132-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-0983-2","article-title":"Semiology and mechanisms of near-death experiences","volume":"19","author":"Peinkhofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci 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