{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T08:46:20Z","timestamp":1784709980572,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"T. Denny Sanford Pediatric Collaborative Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain vital signs, measured by EEG, were used for portable, objective, neurophysiological evaluation of cognitive function in youth tackle football players. Specifically, we investigated whether previously reported pre- and post-season subconcussive changes detected in youth ice hockey players were comparably detected in football. The two objectives were to: (i) replicate previously published results showing subconcussive cognitive deficits; and (ii) the relationship between brain vital sign changes and head-impact exposure. Using a longitudinal design, 15 male football players (age 12.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.35\u2009years) were tested pre- and post-season, with none having a concussion diagnosis during the season. Peak latencies and amplitudes were quantified for Auditory sensation (N100), Basic attention (P300) and Cognitive processing (N400). Regression analyses tested the relationships between these brain vital signs and exposure to head impacts through both number of impacts sustained, and total sessions (practices and games) participated. The results demonstrated significant pre\/post differences in N400 latencies, with \u223c70 ms delay (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), replicating prior findings. Regression analysis also showed significant linear relationships between brain vital signs changes and head impact exposure based on accelerometer data and games\/practices played (highest R\u2009=\u20090.863, P &amp;lt;\u20090.001 for overall sessions). Number of head impacts in youth football (age 12\u201314\u2009years) findings corresponded most closely with prior Junior-A ice hockey (age 16\u201321\u2009years) findings, suggesting comparable contact levels at younger ages in football. The predictive relationship of brain vital signs provided a notable complement to instrumented accelerometers, with a direct physiological measure of potential individual exposure to subconcussive impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T20:18:09Z","timestamp":1639167489000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Subconcussive changes in youth football players: objective evidence using brain vital signs and instrumented accelerometers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8393-2660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun D","family":"Fickling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada"},{"name":"BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Surrey, BC V3V 0C6, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Neurology Studies, HealthTech Connex, Surrey, BC V3V 0C6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel N","family":"Poel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanford Sports Science Institute, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA"},{"name":"Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C","family":"Dorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanford Sports Science Institute, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA"},{"name":"Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9091-2633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan C N","family":"D\u2019Arcy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, 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