{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:48:28Z","timestamp":1790804908730,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Research Program","award":["407840_198438, RNP 78"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407840_198438, RNP 78"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lack of awareness of cognitive impairment (i.e. anosognosia) could be a key factor for distinguishing between neuropsychological post-COVID-19 condition phenotypes. In this context, the 2-fold aim of the present study was to (i) establish the prevalence of anosognosia for memory impairment, according to the severity of the infection in the acute phase and (ii) determine whether anosognosic patients with post-COVID syndrome have a different cognitive and psychiatric profile from nosognosic patients, with associated differences in brain functional connectivity. A battery of neuropsychological, psychiatric, olfactory, dyspnoea, fatigue and quality-of-life tests was administered 227.07\u2009\u00b1\u200942.69 days post-SARS-CoV-2 infection to 102 patients (mean age: 56.35 years, 65 men, no history of neurological, psychiatric, neuro-oncological or neurodevelopmental disorder prior to infection) who had experienced either a mild (not hospitalized; n\u2009=\u200945), moderate (conventional hospitalization; n\u2009=\u200934) or severe (hospitalization with intensive care unit stay and mechanical ventilation; n\u2009=\u200923) presentation in the acute phase. Patients were first divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of anosognosia for memory deficits (26 anosognosic patients and 76 nosognosic patients). Of these, 49 patients underwent an MRI. Structural images were visually analysed, and statistical intergroup analyses were then performed on behavioural and functional connectivity measures. Only 15.6% of patients who presented mild disease displayed anosognosia for memory dysfunction, compared with 32.4% of patients with moderate presentation and 34.8% of patients with severe disease. Compared with nosognosic patients, those with anosognosia for memory dysfunction performed significantly more poorly on objective cognitive and olfactory measures. By contrast, they gave significantly more positive subjective assessments of their quality of life, psychiatric status and fatigue. Interestingly, the proportion of patients exhibiting a lack of consciousness of olfactory deficits was significantly higher in the anosognosic group. Functional connectivity analyses revealed a significant decrease in connectivity, in the anosognosic group as compared with the nosognosic group, within and between the following networks: the left default mode, the bilateral somatosensory motor, the right executive control, the right salient ventral attention and the bilateral dorsal attention networks, as well as the right Lobules IV and V of the cerebellum. Lack of awareness of cognitive disorders and, to a broader extent, impairment of the self-monitoring brain system, may be a key factor for distinguishing between the clinical phenotypes of post-COVID syndrome with neuropsychological deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T04:06:31Z","timestamp":1646625991000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Functional connectivity underlying cognitive and psychiatric symptoms in post-COVID-19 syndrome: is anosognosia a key determinant?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6796-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Voruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1910-9650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Cionca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabele","family":"Jacot de Alc\u00e2ntara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Nuber-Champier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4455-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Allali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Leenaards Memory Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamyae","family":"Benzakour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Thomasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice H.","family":"Lalive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Olof","family":"L\u00f6vblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Braillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayssam","family":"Nehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Coen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Serratrice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Pugin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Intensive Care Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0491-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idris","family":"Guessous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basile N.","family":"Landis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Griffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Van De Ville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Assal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6579-4011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie A.","family":"P\u00e9ron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100163","article-title":"Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment","volume":"9","author":"Almeria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcaa205","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa205","article-title":"Frequent neurocognitive deficits after recovery from mild COVID-19","volume":"2","author":"Woo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101044","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in people who have recovered from COVID-19","volume":"39","author":"Hampshire","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0246590","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246590","article-title":"COVID-19 cognitive deficits after respiratory assistance in the subacute phase: A COVID-rehabilitation unit experience","volume":"16","author":"Alemanno","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-00978-8","article-title":"Frequency and profile of objective cognitive deficits in hospitalized patients recovering from COVID-19","volume":"46","author":"Jaywant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699582","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.699582","article-title":"Cognitive impairment after COVID-19\u2014A review on objective test data","volume":"12","author":"Daroische","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.03.019","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review","volume":"13","author":"Harapan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7113","article-title":"Modelling the anatomic distribution of neurologic events in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review of MRI findings","volume":"42(7)","author":"Parsons","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B9","first-page":"96","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to short-and long-term neuropsychological disorders: Current situation and clinical observations","volume":"13","author":"Voruz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-020-00282-3","article-title":"Can COVID-19 pandemic boost the epidemic of neurodegenerative diseases?","volume":"15","author":"Verkhratsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Direct"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.10.009","article-title":"Is COVID-19 a perfect storm for Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"43","author":"Brundin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646908","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.646908","article-title":"Heterogeneity in regional damage detected by neuroimaging and neuropathological studies in older adults with COVID-19: A cognitive-neuroscience systematic review to inform the long-term impact of the virus on neurocognitive trajectories","volume":"13","author":"Manca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05215-4","article-title":"18 F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in patients with long COVID","volume":"48","author":"Guedj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14478","article-title":"COVID-19-related encephalopathy: A case series with brain FDG-positron-emission tomography\/computed tomography findings","volume":"27","author":"Delorme","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04487-2","article-title":"Brainstem involvement and respiratory failure in COVID-19","volume":"41","author":"Manganelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B16","first-page":"1677","article-title":"Intraluminal carotid artery thrombus in COVID-19: Another danger of cytokine storm?","volume":"41","author":"Mohamud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323816","article-title":"Postinfectious brainstem encephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"91","author":"Khoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25783","article-title":"Steroid-responsive encephalitis in coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"88","author":"Pilotto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anna Neurol"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199505000-00010","article-title":"Anosognosia in Alzheimer disease","volume":"9","author":"Kotler-Cope","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.019","article-title":"Anosognosia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Diagnosis, frequency, mechanism and clinical correlates","volume":"61","author":"Starkstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.03.024","article-title":"Modulation of alertness by sustained cognitive demand in MS as surrogate measure of fatigue and fatigability","volume":"340","author":"Neumann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1159\/000117056","article-title":"Awareness of cognitive deficits and anosognosia in probable Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Lopez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617712000896","article-title":"Impaired awareness of deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The role of everyday executive dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Amanzio","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B24","first-page":"25","article-title":"Unawareness of cognitive impairments in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7(1)","author":"Auchus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropsych Neuropsychol Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.7.805","article-title":"Relation of anosognosia to frontal lobe dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"57","author":"Michon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70698-1","article-title":"Primary and secondary anosognosia for memory impairment in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Hannesdottir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.5.485","article-title":"Two domains of anosognosia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"61","author":"Starkstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4298","article-title":"Effects of anosognosia and neuropsychiatric symptoms on the quality of life of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A 24-month follow-up study","volume":"31","author":"Conde-Sala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.1.47","article-title":"Prospective longitudinal study of depression and anosognosia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"171","author":"Starkstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121360","article-title":"Clinical differences in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease according to the presence or absence of anosognosia: Implications for perceived quality of life","volume":"33","author":"Conde-Sala","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.04.006","article-title":"Features of anosmia in COVID-19","volume":"50","author":"Klopfenstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20053-y","article-title":"Longitudinal symptom dynamics of COVID-19 infection","volume":"11","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09297-x","article-title":"Olfactory anosognosia is a predictor of cognitive decline and dementia conversion in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"266","author":"Yoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/13607869856876","article-title":"The heterogeneity of anosognosia for memory impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A review of the literature and a proposed model","volume":"2","author":"Agnew","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.09.006","article-title":"Anosognosia, autobiographical memory and self knowledge in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"49","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2620","article-title":"Lack of awareness of symptoms in people with dementia: The structural and functional basis","volume":"26","author":"Zamboni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24462","article-title":"Anosognosia in Alzheimer disease: Disconnection between memory and self-related brain networks","volume":"78","author":"Perrotin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"18","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5330","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24775","article-title":"Anosognosia and default mode subnetwork dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Antoine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.02.005","article-title":"Functional-anatomic fractionation of the brain\u2019s default network","volume":"65","author":"Andrews-Hanna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"44","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608282113","article-title":"Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization","volume":"113","author":"Margulies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1598","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715766115","article-title":"Heterogeneity within the frontoparietal control network and its relationship to the default and dorsal attention networks","volume":"115","author":"Dixon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-3787(08)70030-4","article-title":"Syndrome dysex\u00e9cutif: Validation de crit\u00e8res diagnostiques. Etude multicentrique GREFEX","volume":"164","author":"Godefroy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B43","first-page":"486","volume-title":"Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues","author":"Drozdick","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324826AN0704_8","article-title":"The Corsi block-tapping task: Standardization and normative data","volume":"7","author":"Kessels","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B45","volume-title":"Test for attentional performance (TAP), Version 2.1, operating manual","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/87565648709540361","article-title":"Genuine memory deficits in dementia","volume":"3","author":"Grober","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B47","volume-title":"Rey complex figure test and recognition trial professional manual","author":"Meyers","year":"1995"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.01.004","article-title":"BECLA, a new assessment battery for acquired deficits of language: Normative data from Quebec-French healthy younger and older adults","volume":"361","author":"Macoir","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2008.11.016","article-title":"Validation of a brief screening scale evaluating praxic abilities for use in memory clinics. Evaluation in 419 controls, 127 mild cognitive impairment and 320 demented patients","volume":"165","author":"Mahieux-Laurent","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B50","volume-title":"The visual object and space perception battery","author":"Warrington","year":"1991"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B51","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Wechsler adult intelligence scale\u2013Fourth Edition (WAIS\u2013IV)","author":"Wechsler","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035246","article-title":"Introducing the Geneva emotion recognition test: An example of Rasch-based test development","volume":"26","author":"Schlegel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050050223","article-title":"Multicenter investigation of 1,036 subjects using a standardized method for the assessment of olfactory function combining tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds","volume":"257","author":"Kobal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507077942","article-title":"Validity of a French version of the fatigue impact scale in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Debouverie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2014.906569","article-title":"Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and structural invariance with age of the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF)\u2014French version","volume":"21","author":"Fournet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B56","first-page":"9","article-title":"Emotion regulation questionnaire","volume":"48","author":"Gross","year":"2003","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024956003661","article-title":"The emotional contagion scale: A measure of individual differences","volume":"21","author":"Doherty","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nonverbal Behav"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B58","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Manual for the beck depression inventory-II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B59","volume-title":"Manuel de l\u2018inventaire d\u2018anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tat-trait forme Y (STAI-Y) [Inventory of state-trait anxiety manual]","author":"Spielberger","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169938","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169938","article-title":"Distinct subtypes of apathy revealed by the apathy motivation index","volume":"12","author":"Ang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0161645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161645","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the English and French versions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)","volume":"11","author":"Ashbaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B62","volume-title":"Questions & answers about depression and its treatment: A consultation with a leading psychiatrist","author":"Goldberg","year":"1993"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B63","first-page":"16","article-title":"An update on the dissociative experiences scale","volume":"6","author":"Carlson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dissoc Prog Dissoc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2478\/s13382-012-0024-8","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the French versions of the Perceived Stress Scale","volume":"25","author":"Lesage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B65","volume-title":"Insomnia: Psychological assessment and management","author":"Morin","year":"1993"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S145048","article-title":"Validation of the French version of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale and the Dyspnea-12 questionnaire","volume":"13","author":"Beaumont","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00093-6","article-title":"The French SF-36 Health Survey: Translation, cultural adaptation and preliminary psychometric evaluation","volume":"51","author":"Lepl\u00e8ge","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1627-4830(04)97931-7","article-title":"Evaluation de la plainte cognitive de patients Alzheimer, de sujets MCI, anxiod\u00e9pressifs et de t\u00e9moins avec le QPC (Questionnaire de Plainte Cognitive)","volume":"4","author":"Thomas-Ant\u00e9rion","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurol Psychiatr G\u00e9riatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-021-09402-4","article-title":"Introducing alternative validity cutoffs to improve the detection of non-credible symptom report on the BRIEF","volume":"14","author":"Abeare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Injury Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2017.1415374","article-title":"Utility of various WAIS-IV Digit Span indices for identifying noncredible performance validity among cognitively impaired and unimpaired examinees","volume":"32","author":"Webber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B72","volume-title":"FMRIPrep","author":"Esteban","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0235-4","article-title":"fMRIPrep: A robust preprocessing pipeline for functional MRI","volume":"16","author":"Esteban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2011.00013","article-title":"Nipype: A flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in python","volume":"5","author":"Gorgolewski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Neuroinformatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2046908","article-title":"N4ITK: Improved N3 bias correction","volume":"29","author":"Tustison","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(09)70884-5","article-title":"Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood","volume":"47","author":"Fonov","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2007.06.004","article-title":"Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain","volume":"12","author":"Avants","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B78","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Hidden Markov random field model for segmentation of brain MR image","volume":"3979","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Soc Opt Photonics"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199706\/08)10:4\/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data","volume":"10","author":"Cox","year":"1997","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132","article-title":"Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images","volume":"17","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060","article-title":"Accurate and robust brain image alignment using boundary-based registration","volume":"48","author":"Greve","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042","article-title":"A component based noise correction method (CompCor) for BOLD and perfusion based fMRI","volume":"37","author":"Behzadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048","article-title":"Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI","volume":"84","author":"Power","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2014.00014","article-title":"Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn","volume":"8","author":"Abraham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neuroinform"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Long COVID neuropsychological deficits after severe, moderate or mild infection","author":"Voruz","DOI":"10.3390\/ctn6020009"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710000056","article-title":"Anosognosia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The role of impairment levels in assessment of insight across domains","volume":"16","author":"Leicht","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00100","article-title":"Neural correlates of anosognosia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment: A multi-method assessment","volume":"12","author":"Tondelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.6.1318","article-title":"A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT","volume":"32","author":"Wahlund","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx179","article-title":"Local-global parcellation of the human cerebral cortex from intrinsic functional connectivity MRI","volume":"28","author":"Schaefer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.01.045","article-title":"A probabilistic MR atlas of the human cerebellum","volume":"46","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"6139","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235381","article-title":"BigBrain: An ultrahigh-resolution 3D human brain model","volume":"340","author":"Amunts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013699998","article-title":"The control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing under dependency","volume":"29","author":"Benjamini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100163","article-title":"Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment","volume":"9","author":"Almeria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.011","article-title":"What are the neural correlates of meta-cognition and anosognosia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease? A systematic review","volume":"94","author":"Hallam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-016-9323-3","article-title":"Anosognosia for memory impairment in addiction: Insights from neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment of metamemory","volume":"26","author":"Le Berre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.573095","article-title":"The spatial and cell-type distribution of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the human and mouse brains","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00758-5","article-title":"Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Meinhardt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1075\/ce.2.2.06sch","article-title":"The function of the cerebellum in cognition, affect and consciousness: Empirical support for the embodied mind","volume":"2","author":"Schmahmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Conscious Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.01.051","article-title":"Dissociating the roles of the default-mode, dorsal, and ventral networks in episodic memory retrieval","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01600","article-title":"The relationship between resting state network connectivity and individual differences in executive functions","volume":"9","author":"Reineberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2021-0054","article-title":"New insights into neural networks of error monitoring and clinical implications: A systematic review of ERP studies in neurological diseases","volume":"33","author":"Lenzoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.07.001","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying embodiment, disembodiment and loss of embodiment","volume":"32","author":"Giummarra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26172","article-title":"Dyspnea: The vanished warning symptom of COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"92","author":"Allali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26020","article-title":"Hypoxemia in COVID-19; comment on: \u201cThe neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients\u201d","volume":"92","author":"Coen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0247280","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247280","article-title":"Fatigue following COVID-19 infection is not associated with autonomic dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Townsend","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.3313","article-title":"Is a \u201ccytokine storm\u201d relevant to COVID-19?","volume":"180","author":"Sinha","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2020.11.004","article-title":"Cerebral vasculitis of medium-sized vessels as a possible mechanism of brain damage in COVID-19 patients","volume":"48","author":"Lersy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28179","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 as a potential trigger of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"35","author":"Gomez-Pinedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2022032516134063200_fcac057-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631518","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.631518","article-title":"Anosognosia in mild cognitive impairment: Lack of awareness of memory difficulties characterizes prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Bastin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Brain Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac057\/42782093\/fcac057.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/4\/2\/fcac057\/42974404\/fcac057.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/4\/2\/fcac057\/42974404\/fcac057.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T13:55:55Z","timestamp":1674914155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac057\/6545202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac057","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"article-number":"fcac057"}}