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It is usually treated by surgical revascularization, but research on the neurocognitive outcomes of revascularization surgery is controversial. Given that neurocognitive impairment could affect the daily activities of patients with moyamoya disease, early detection of postoperative neurocognitive outcomes has the potential to improve patient management. In this study, we applied a well-established connectome-based predictive modelling approach to develop machine learning models that used preoperative resting-state functional connectivity to predict postoperative changes in processing speed in patients with moyamoya disease. Twelve adult patients with moyamoya disease (age range: 23\u201349 years; female\/male: 9\/3) were recruited prior to surgery and underwent follow-up at 1 and 6 months after surgery. Twenty healthy controls (age range: 24\u201354 years; female\/male: 14\/6) were recruited and completed the behavioural test at baseline, 1-month follow-up and 6-month follow-up. Behavioural results indicated that the behavioural changes in processing speed at 1 and 6 months after surgery compared with baseline were not significant. Importantly, we showed that preoperative resting-state functional connectivity significantly predicted postoperative changes in processing speed at 1 month after surgery (negative network: \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.63, Pcorr\u2009=\u20090.017) and 6 months after surgery (positive network: \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.62, Pcorr\u2009=\u20090.010; negative network: \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.55, Pcorr\u2009=\u20090.010). We also identified cerebro-cerebellar and cortico-subcortical connectivities that were consistently associated with processing speed. The brain regions identified from our predictive models are not only consistent with previous studies but also extend previous findings by revealing their potential roles in postoperative neurocognitive functions in patients with moyamoya disease. Taken together, our findings provide preliminary evidence that preoperative resting-state functional connectivity might predict the post-surgical longitudinal neurocognitive changes in patients with moyamoya disease. Given that processing speed is a crucial cognitive ability supporting higher neurocognitive functions, this study\u2019s findings offer important insight into the clinical management of patients with moyamoya disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T08:47:37Z","timestamp":1660985257000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Preoperative brain connectome predicts postoperative changes in processing speed in moyamoya disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mengxia","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlene L M","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai M","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kui Kai","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China"},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatia M C","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2022092013334734900_fcac213-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70240-0","article-title":"Moyamoya disease: Current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Kuroda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022092013334734900_fcac213-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012","article-title":"Cerebrovascular moyamoya disease: Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of 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