{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:04:19Z","timestamp":1791475459027,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gottfried und Julia Bangerter-Rhyner-Foundation"},{"name":"Baasch Medicus Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Visual snow syndrome is characterized by a continuous visual disturbance resembling a badly tuned analogue television and additional visual and non-visual symptoms causing significant disability. The natural course of visual snow syndrome has not hitherto been studied. In this prospective longitudinal study, 78 patients with the diagnosis of visual snow syndrome made in 2011 were re-contacted in 2019 to assess symptom evolution using a semi-structured questionnaire. Forty patients (51% of 78) were interviewed after 84\u2009\u00b1\u20095 months (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD). In all patients, symptoms had persisted. Visual snow itself was less frequently rated as the most disturbing symptom (72 versus 42%, P\u2009=\u20090.007), whereas a higher proportion of patients suffered primarily from entopic phenomena (2 versus 17%, P\u2009=\u20090.024). New treatment was commenced in 14 (35%) patients, of whom in seven, visual snow syndrome was ameliorated somewhat. Three (7%) experienced new visual migraine aura without headache, and one (2%) had new migraine headache. There were no differences in the levels of anxiety and depression measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7. Thirty-eight patients (49%) were lost to follow-up. In visual snow syndrome, symptoms can persist over 8 years without spontaneous resolution, although visual snow itself might become less bothersome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T23:40:00Z","timestamp":1662766800000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Natural course of visual snow syndrome: a long-term follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Graber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern 3010 , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9053-584X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Scutelnic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern 3010 , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern 3010 , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1933-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Puledda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Group, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London SE1 1YR, London , UK"},{"name":"NIHR-Wellcome Trust King\u2019s Clinical Research Facility, SLaM Biomedical Research Center, King\u2019s College London SE5 9PJ, London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3260-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J","family":"Goadsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Group, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London SE1 1YR, London , UK"},{"name":"NIHR-Wellcome Trust King\u2019s Clinical Research Facility, SLaM Biomedical Research Center, King\u2019s College London SE5 9PJ, London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4668-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph J","family":"Schankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern 3010 , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022092013344910800_fcac230-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu050","article-title":"\u2018Visual snow\u2019 - a disorder distinct from persistent migraine 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