{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:31:04Z","timestamp":1789695064154,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Subarachnoid haemorrhage is a devastating disease that results in neurocognitive deficits and a poor functional outcome in a considerable proportion of patients. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of microtubule-associated tau protein measured in the cerebral microdialysate for long-term functional and neuropsychological outcomes in poor-grade subarachnoid haemorrhage patients. We recruited 55 consecutive non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage patients who underwent multimodal neuromonitoring, including cerebral microdialysis. Mitochondrial dysfunction was defined as lactate-to-pyruvate ratio &amp;gt;30 together with pyruvate &amp;gt;70\u2005mmol\/L and metabolic distress as lactate-to-pyruvate ratio &amp;gt;40. The multidimensional 12-month outcome was assessed by means of the modified Rankin scale (poor outcome: modified Rankin scale \u22654) and a standardized neuropsychological test battery. We used multivariable generalized estimating equation models to assess associations between total microdialysate-tau levels of the first 10 days after admission and hospital complications and outcomes. Patients were 56 \u00b1 12 years old and presented with a median Hunt &amp; Hess score of 5 (interquartile range: 3\u20135). Overall mean total microdialysate-tau concentrations were highest within the first 24\u2005h (5585 \u00b1 6291\u2005pg\/mL), decreased to a minimum of 2347 \u00b1 4175\u2005pg\/mL on Day 4 (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and remained stable thereafter (P = 0.613). Higher total microdialysate-tau levels were associated with the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischaemia (P = 0.001), episodes of metabolic distress (P = 0.002) and mitochondrial dysfunction (P = 0.034). Patients with higher tau levels had higher odds for a poor 12-month functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio: 2.61; 95% confidence interval: 1.32\u20135.17; P = 0.006) and impaired results in the trail making test-B (adjusted odds ratio: 3.35; 95% confidence interval: 1.16\u20139.68; P = 0.026) indicative of cognitive flexibility. Total microdialysate-tau levels significantly decreased over the first 10 days (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in patients without delayed cerebral ischaemia or good functional outcomes and remained high in those with delayed cerebral ischaemia and poor 12-month outcomes, respectively. Dynamic changes of total tau in the cerebral microdialysate may be a useful biomarker for axonal damage associated with functional and neurocognitive recovery in poor-grade subarachnoid haemorrhage patients. In contrast, ongoing axonal damage beyond Day 3 after bleeding indicates a higher risk for delayed cerebral ischaemia as well as a poor functional outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T09:46:40Z","timestamp":1672652800000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Brain microdialysate tau dynamics predict functional and neurocognitive recovery after poor-grade subarachnoid haemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Heilig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4241-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Rass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Kofler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan-Andrei","family":"Ianosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Gaasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , 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Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bodner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atbin","family":"Djamshidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alois","family":"Schiefecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudius","family":"Thom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck 6020 , 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