{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:10:35Z","timestamp":1788448235448,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institute for Veteran Health Research","award":["W7716-125624\/001\/SV"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W7716-125624\/001\/SV"]}]},{"name":"ANS Research"},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation","award":["897709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["897709"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010231","name":"Banting Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021-1424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-1424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010231","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collective research has identified a key electroencephalogram signature in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, consisting of abnormally reduced alpha (8\u201312\u2005Hz) rhythms. We conducted a 20-session, double-blind, randomized controlled trial of alpha desynchronizing neurofeedback in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder over 20 weeks. Our objective was to provide mechanistic evidence underlying potential clinical improvements by examining changes in aberrant post-traumatic stress disorder brain rhythms (namely, alpha oscillations) as a function of neurofeedback treatment. We randomly assigned participants with a primary diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 38) to either an experimental group (n = 20) or a sham-control group (n = 18). A multichannel electroencephalogram cap was used to record whole-scalp resting-state activity pre- and post-neurofeedback treatment, for both the experimental and sham-control post-traumatic stress disorder groups. We first observed significantly reduced relative alpha source power at baseline in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder as compared to an age\/sex-matched group of neurotypical healthy controls (n = 32), primarily within regions of the anterior default mode network. Post-treatment, we found that only post-traumatic stress disorder patients in the experimental neurofeedback group demonstrated significant alpha resynchronization within areas that displayed abnormally low alpha power at baseline. In parallel, we observed significantly decreased post-traumatic stress disorder severity scores in the experimental neurofeedback group only, when comparing baseline to post-treatment (Cohen\u2019s d = 0.77) and three-month follow-up scores (Cohen\u2019s d = 0.75), with a remission rate of 60.0% at the three-month follow-up. Overall, our results indicate that neurofeedback training can rescue pathologically reduced alpha rhythmicity, a functional biomarker that has repeatedly been linked to symptoms of hyperarousal and cortical disinhibition in post-traumatic stress disorder. This randomized controlled trial provides long-term evidence suggesting that the \u2018alpha rebound effect\u2019 (i.e. homeostatic alpha resynchronization) occurs within key regions of the default mode network previously implicated in post-traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T15:55:41Z","timestamp":1678982141000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Homeostatic normalization of alpha brain rhythms within the default-mode network and reduced symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder following a randomized controlled trial of electroencephalogram neurofeedback"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9483-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew A","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada"},{"name":"Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Royal Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa , Canada"},{"name":"The University of Ottawa\u2019s Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University , London , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Densmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Western University , London , Canada"},{"name":"Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute , London , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3578-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A","family":"Frewen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Western University , London , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Western University , London , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W 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