{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:24:11Z","timestamp":1792794251739,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000761","name":"Imperial College London","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"George Huntington Institute","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0501yf769","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Imanova Ltd"},{"name":"University College London Hospital","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jx3x895","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006259","name":"Teva Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Active Biotech, Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Teva Pharmaceutical","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wfv3m53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microglia activation, an indicator of central nervous system inflammation, is believed to contribute to the pathology of Huntington\u2019s disease. Laquinimod is capable of regulating microglia. By targeting the translocator protein, 11C-PBR28 PET-CT imaging can be used to assess the state of regional gliosis in vivo and explore the effects of laquinimod treatment. This study relates to the LEGATO-HD, multi-centre, double-blinded, Phase 2 clinical trial with laquinimod (US National Registration: NCT02215616). Fifteen patients of the UK LEGATO-HD cohort (mean age: 45.2 \u00b1 7.4 years; disease duration: 5.6 \u00b1 3.0 years) were treated with laquinimod (0.5\u2005mg, N = 4; 1.0\u2005mg, N = 6) or placebo (N = 5) daily. All participants had one 11C-PBR28 PET-CT and one brain MRI scan before laquinimod (or placebo) and at the end of treatment (12 months apart). PET imaging data were quantified to produce 11C-PBR28 distribution volume ratios. These ratios were calculated for the caudate and putamen using the reference Logan plot with the corpus callosum as the reference region. Partial volume effect corrections (M\u00fcller\u2013Gartner algorithm) were applied. Differences were sought in Unified Huntington\u2019s Disease Rating Scale scores and regional distribution volume ratios between baseline and follow-up and between the two treatment groups (laquinimod versus placebo). No significant change in 11C-PBR28 distribution volume ratios was found post treatment in the caudate and putamen for both those treated with laquinimod (N = 10) and those treated with placebo (N = 5). Over time, the patients treated with laquinimod did not show a significant clinical improvement. Data from the 11C-PBR28 PET-CT study indicate that laquinimod may not have affected regional translocator protein expression and clinical performance over the studied period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T02:44:17Z","timestamp":1679107457000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A PET-CT study on neuroinflammation in Huntington\u2019s disease patients participating in a randomized trial with laquinimod"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5748-6978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas-Antonios","family":"Roussakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Gennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Sciences, Imperial 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas P","family":"Lao-Kaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Papoutsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6208-0841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juha-Matti","family":"Savola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teva Pharmaceuticals International GmbH , 4051 Basel , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Hayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children\u2019s Hospital and Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver V5Z 4H4 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Kalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lingford-Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger N","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , UK"},{"name":"Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital , , London W12 0NN 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