{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:00:48Z","timestamp":1791532848650,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["362321501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["362321501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The noradrenergic system shows pathological modifications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and undergoes substantial neuronal loss in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease. While a coherent picture of structural decline in post-mortem and in vivo MRI measures seems to emerge, whether this translates into a consistent decline in available noradrenaline levels is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a meta-analysis of noradrenergic differences in Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia and Parkinson\u2019s disease using CSF and PET biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CSF noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol levels as well as noradrenaline transporters availability, measured with PET, were summarized from 26 articles using a random-effects model meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Compared to controls, individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease showed significantly decreased levels of CSF noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, as well as noradrenaline transporters availability in the hypothalamus. In Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol but not noradrenaline levels were increased compared to controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Both CSF and PET biomarkers of noradrenergic dysfunction reveal significant alterations in Parkinson\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia. However, further studies are required to understand how these biomarkers are associated to the clinical symptoms and pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T12:39:38Z","timestamp":1680007178000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid and positron-emission tomography biomarkers for noradrenergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6208-2206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Lancini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Haag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Bartl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"R\u00fchling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation , London , UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-4354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology , London , UK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL , London , UK"},{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases , Hong Kong , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0139-5388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emrah","family":"D\u00fczel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"H\u00e4mmerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , 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