{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:47:33Z","timestamp":1790221653856,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":203,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":150,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with movement disorders treated by deep brain stimulation do not always achieve successful therapeutic alleviation of motor symptoms, even in cases where surgery is without complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers methods to investigate structural brain-related factors that may be predictive of clinical motor outcomes. This review aimed to identify features which have been associated with variability in clinical post-operative motor outcomes in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease, dystonia, and essential tremor from structural MRI modalities. We performed a literature search for articles published between 1 January 2000 and 1 April 2022 and identified 5197 articles. Following screening through our inclusion criteria, we identified 60 total studies (39 = Parkinson\u2019s disease, 11 = dystonia syndromes and 10 = essential tremor). The review captured a range of structural MRI methods and analysis techniques used to identify factors related to clinical post-operative motor outcomes from deep brain stimulation. Morphometric markers, including volume and cortical thickness were commonly identified in studies focused on patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and dystonia syndromes. Reduced metrics in basal ganglia, sensorimotor and frontal regions showed frequent associations with reduced motor outcomes. Increased structural connectivity to subcortical nuclei, sensorimotor and frontal regions was also associated with greater motor outcomes. In patients with tremor, increased structural connectivity to the cerebellum and cortical motor regions showed high prevalence across studies for greater clinical motor outcomes. In addition, we highlight conceptual issues for studies assessing clinical response with structural MRI and discuss future approaches towards optimizing individualized therapeutic benefits. Although quantitative MRI markers are in their infancy for clinical purposes in movement disorder treatments, structural features obtained from MRI offer the powerful potential to identify candidates who are more likely to benefit from deep brain stimulation and provide insight into the complexity of disorder pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T09:56:14Z","timestamp":1685526974000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A structural magnetic resonance imaging review of clinical motor outcomes from deep brain stimulation in movement disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Luke","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L3 9TA , UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool L97LJ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon S","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L3 9TA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jibril","family":"Osman-Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool L97LJ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Macerollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L3 9TA , UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool L97LJ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2023061015233632900_fcad171-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0128-2","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation: Current challenges and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Lozano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"MAY","key":"2023061015233632900_fcad171-B2","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation programming for movement disorders: Current concepts and evidence-based strategies","volume":"10","author":"Koeglsperger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023061015233632900_fcad171-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.8.noc40425","article-title":"Management of referred deep brain stimulation failures\u2014A retrospective analysis from 2 movement disorders centers","volume":"62","author":"Okun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023061015233632900_fcad171-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.1.JNS171660","article-title":"Outcomes following deep brain stimulation lead revision or reimplantation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"130","author":"Frizon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061015233632900_fcad171-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.10.JNS131225","article-title":"Risks of common complications in deep brain stimulation surgery: Management and avoidance: Clinical article","volume":"120","author":"Fenoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023061015233632900_fcad171-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183711","article-title":"Postoperative lead migration in deep brain stimulation surgery: Incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact. 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