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These symptoms may reflect an overactive mirror neuron system, causing both increased automatic imitation and a stronger tendency to share others\u2019 emotions. To test this, we measured the individual level of echophenomena with a video protocol and experimentally induced empathy for pain in 21 participants with Tourette syndrome and 25 matched controls. In the empathy for pain paradigm, pictures of hands and feet in painful or neutral situations were presented, while we measured participants\u2019 EEG and skin conductance response. Changes in somatosensory mu suppression during the observation of the pictures and pain ratings were compared between groups, and correlations were calculated with the occurrence of echophenomena, self-reported empathy and clinical measures. Our Tourette syndrome sample showed significantly more echophenomena than controls, but the groups showed no behavioural differences in empathic abilities. However, controls, but not patients with Tourette syndrome, showed the predicted increased mu suppression when watching painful compared to neutral actions. While echophenomena were present in all persons with Tourette syndrome, the hypothesis of an overactive mirror neuron system in Tourette syndrome could not be substantiated. On the contrary, the Tourette syndrome group showed a noticeable lack of mu attenuation in response to pain stimuli. In conclusion, we found a first hint of altered processing of others\u2019 emotional states in a brain region associated with the mirror neuron system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T04:39:20Z","timestamp":1691728760000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Neural, physiological and behavioural correlates of empathy for pain in Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2484-1229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronja","family":"Weiblen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7610-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Petereit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Heldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"},{"name":"Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas F","family":"M\u00fcnte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"},{"name":"Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3219-2284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"M\u00fcnchau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7181-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"M\u00fcller-Vahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School , 30625 Hannover , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrike M","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , Germany"},{"name":"Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23562 L\u00fcbeck , 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