{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T01:30:30Z","timestamp":1780968630548,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":311,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4078P0_198345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4078P0_198345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004343","name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007898","name":"FAN","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007898","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008486","name":"Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008486","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P400PM_183884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P400PM_183884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009396","name":"University Hospital of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has limitations in identifying underlying tissue pathology, which is relevant for neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke or brain tumours. However, there are no standardized methods for correlating MRI features with histopathology. Thus, here we aimed to develop and validate a tool that can facilitate the correlation of brain MRI features to corresponding histopathology. For this, we designed the Brainbox, a waterproof and MRI-compatible 3D printed container with an integrated 3D coordinate system. We used the Brainbox to acquire post-mortem ex vivo MRI of eight human brains, fresh and formalin-fixed, and correlated focal imaging features to histopathology using the built-in 3D coordinate system. With its built-in 3D coordinate system, the Brainbox allowed correlation of MRI features to corresponding tissue substrates. The Brainbox was used to correlate different MR image features of interest to the respective tissue substrate, including normal anatomical structures such as the hippocampus or perivascular spaces, as well as a lacunar stroke. Brain volume decreased upon fixation by 7% (P = 0.01). The Brainbox enabled degassing of specimens before scanning, reducing susceptibility artefacts and minimizing bulk motion during scanning. In conclusion, our proof-of-principle experiments demonstrate the usability of the Brainbox, which can contribute to improving the specificity of MRI and the standardization of the correlation between post-mortem ex vivo human brain MRI and histopathology. Brainboxes are available upon request from our institution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T12:43:16Z","timestamp":1699620196000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Brainbox<i>\u2014<\/i>a tool to facilitate correlation of brain magnetic resonance imaging features to histopathology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7664-8722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Faigle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section, Neurology Clinic, University Zurich, University Hospital Zurich {C}%3C!%2D%2DFONT%3Abold%2D%2D%3E 1 , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ3%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Piccirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ4%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5732-7942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor","family":"Hortob\u00e1gyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ5%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Frontzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ5%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"},{"name":"Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology , WC1N 1PJ London , United Kingdom {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ6%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia Elaine","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ4%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang Emanuel","family":"Z\u00fcrrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ4%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6700-1022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Granberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital , S-141 86 Stockholm , Sweden {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ7%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Kulcsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ4%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ludersdorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section, Neurology Clinic, University Zurich, University Hospital Zurich {C}%3C!%2D%2DFONT%3Abold%2D%2D%3E 1 , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ3%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1372-3297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin B M","family":"Frauenknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ5%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"},{"name":"Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Laboratoire National de Sant\u00e9 , 3555 Dudelange , Luxembourg"},{"name":"National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Sant\u00e9 , 3555 Dudelange , Luxembourg {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ8%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-4195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Reimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ5%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1362-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin Victor","family":"Ineichen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ4%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"},{"name":"Center for Reproducible Science, University of Zurich , CH-8001 Zurich , Switzerland 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