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However, when cooled children reach early school-age, they have cognitive and motor impairments which are associated with underlying alterations to brain structure and white matter connectivity. It is unknown whether these differences in structural connectivity are associated with differences in functional connectivity between cooled children and healthy controls. Resting-state functional MRI has been used to characterize static and dynamic functional connectivity in children, both with typical development and those with neurodevelopmental disorders. Previous studies of resting-state brain networks in children with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy have focussed on the neonatal period. In this study, we used resting-state fMRI to investigate static and dynamic functional connectivity in children aged 6\u20138 years who were cooled for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic without cerebral palsy [n = 22, median age (interquartile range) 7.08 (6.85\u20137.52) years] and healthy controls matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status [n = 20, median age (interquartile range) 6.75 (6.48\u20137.25) years]. Using group independent component analysis, we identified 31 intrinsic functional connectivity networks consistent with those previously reported in children and adults. We found no case-control differences in the spatial maps of these intrinsic connectivity networks. We constructed subject-specific static functional connectivity networks by measuring pairwise Pearson correlations between component time courses and found no case-control differences in functional connectivity after false discovery rate correction. To study the time-varying organization of resting-state networks, we used sliding window correlations and deep clustering to investigate dynamic functional connectivity characteristics. We found k = 4 repetitively occurring functional connectivity states, which exhibited no case-control differences in dwell time, fractional occupancy or state functional connectivity matrices. In this small cohort, the spatiotemporal characteristics of resting-state brain networks in cooled children without severe disability were too subtle to be differentiated from healthy controls at early school-age, despite underlying differences in brain structure and white matter connectivity, possibly reflecting a level of recovery of healthy resting-state brain function. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate resting-state functional connectivity in children with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy beyond the neonatal period and the first to investigate dynamic functional connectivity in any children with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T07:41:25Z","timestamp":1714290085000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Resting-state functional connectivity in children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7869-6261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur P C","family":"Spencer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol , Bristol BS2 8DX ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TH ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital , 1011 Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Goodfellow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4QD ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4QF ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3380-047X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ela","family":"Chakkarapani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TH ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St Michaels Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust , Bristol BS2 8EG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C W","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol , Bristol BS2 8DX ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"University of East Anglia Wellcome Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre (UWWBIC), University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025052908013196800_fcae154-B1","first-page":"CD003311","article-title":"Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy","volume":"2013","author":"Jacobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"2025052908013196800_fcae154-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100885","article-title":"MRI combined with early clinical variables are excellent outcome predictors for newborn infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia after perinatal asphyxia","volume":"36","author":"Thoresen","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"22","key":"2025052908013196800_fcae154-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112066","article-title":"Childhood outcomes after hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"366","author":"Shankaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025052908013196800_fcae154-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14780","article-title":"Motor performance and cognitive correlates in children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy without cerebral palsy at school age","volume":"108","author":"Jary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. 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