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This investigation seeks to identify g within a comprehensive neuropsychological data set and compare participants with temporal lobe epilepsy to controls, characterize the discriminatory power of g compared with domain-specific cognitive metrics, explore the association of g with clinical epilepsy and sociodemographic variables and identify the structural and network properties associated with g in epilepsy. Participants included 110 temporal lobe epilepsy patients and 79 healthy controls between the ages of 19 and 60. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment, clinical interview and structural and functional imaging. Cognitive data were subjected to factor analysis to identify g and compare the group of patients with control participants. The relative power of g compared with domain-specific tests was interrogated, clinical and sociodemographic variables were examined for their relationship with g, and structural and functional images were assessed using traditional regional volumetrics, cortical surface features and network analytics. Findings indicate (i) significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.005) lower g in patients compared with controls; (ii) g is at least as powerful as individual cognitive domain-specific metrics and other analytic approaches to discriminating patients from control participants; (iii) lower g was associated with earlier age of onset and medication use, greater number of antiseizure medications and longer epilepsy duration (Ps &amp;lt; 0.04); and lower parental and personal education and greater neighbourhood deprivation (Ps &amp;lt; 0.012); and (iv) amongst patients, lower g was linked to decreased total intracranial volume (P = 0.019), age and intracranial volume adjusted total tissue volume (P = 0.019) and age and intracranial volume adjusted total corpus callosum volume (P = 0.012)\u2014particularly posterior, mid-posterior and anterior (Ps &amp;lt; 0.022) regions. Cortical vertex analyses showed lower g to be associated specifically with decreased gyrification in bilateral medial orbitofrontal regions. Network analysis of resting-state data with focus on the participation coefficient showed g to be associated with the superior parietal network. Spearman's g is reduced in patients, has considerable discriminatory power compared with domain-specific metrics and is linked to a multiplex of factors related to brain (size, connectivity and frontoparietal networks), environment (familial and personal education and neighbourhood disadvantage) and disease (epilepsy onset, treatment and duration). Greater attention to contemporary models of human cognition is warranted in order to advance the neuropsychology of epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T09:48:01Z","timestamp":1718444881000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The relevance of Spearman's <i>g<\/i> for epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9103-1798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron F","family":"Struck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53726 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital , Madison, WI 53705 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4365-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Garcia-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53726 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veena A","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53726 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Prabhakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53726 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Dabbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53726 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa L","family":"Conant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI 53226 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2233-5640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey R","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI 53226 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2497-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Loring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Meyerand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53726 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce P","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53726 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2024062807535440700_fcae176-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1912.tb03046.x","article-title":"Eight months of psycho-clinical research at the New Jersey State Village for epileptics, with some results from the Binet\u2013Simon testing","volume":"A3","author":"Wallin","year":"1912","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024062807535440700_fcae176-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1924.tb01354.x","article-title":"The response of epileptic children to mental and educational tests","volume":"4","author":"Fox","year":"1924","journal-title":"British J Med Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024062807535440700_fcae176-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1941.9917042","article-title":"Psychometric records of institutionalized epileptics","volume":"11","author":"Collins","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024062807535440700_fcae176-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1946.tb05380.x","article-title":"A study of the intelligence of institutionalized epileptics of the idiopathic type","volume":"16","author":"Hilkevitch","year":"1946","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024062807535440700_fcae176-B5","first-page":"763","article-title":"Intellectual and adaptive functioning in epilepsy. 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