{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:14:04Z","timestamp":1792268044560,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":197,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08NS105929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08NS105929"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21NS122011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21NS122011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01NS112308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01NS112308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-MH120194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-MH120194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41-EB018783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41-EB018783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The piriform cortex is recognized as highly epileptogenic in rodents, yet its electrophysiological role in human epilepsy remains understudied. Recent surgical outcomes have suggested potential benefits in resecting the piriform cortex for cases of medial temporal lobe epilepsy. However, little is known about its electrophysiological activity in human epilepsy. This case-series study aimed to explore the electrophysiological role of the piriform cortex within the epileptogenic network among patients with suspected temporal lobe epilepsy. Participants were recruited from Emory University Hospital or Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, with non-lesional frontotemporal or temporal lobe hypotheses, undergoing stereoelectroencephalographic studies. Specifically, focus was placed on patients with one or more electrode contacts in the piriform cortex. Primary objectives included determining piriform cortex involvement within the electrophysiologically defined epileptogenic network and assessing the effects of electrical stimulation. Twenty-two patients were included in the study. Notably, only one patient exhibited piriform cortex involvement at seizure onset, associated with an olfactory aura. Two patients showed early piriform cortex involvement, while others displayed late or no involvement. Electrical stimulation of the piriform cortex induced after-discharges in three patients and replicated a habitual seizure in one. These findings present a contrast to surgical outcome studies, suggesting that the piriform cortex may not typically play a significant role in the epileptogenic network among patients with non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T19:08:16Z","timestamp":1719428896000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The involvement of the piriform cortex in non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy: an uncommon component of the epileptogenic network"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Nigel P","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Center for Neuroscience , Davis, CA 95618 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Raghu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veeresh Kumar N","family":"Shivamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Trinity Health of New England , Hartford, CT 06105 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua J","family":"Chern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta , Atlanta, GA 30342 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon T","family":"Willie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO 63110 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond J","family":"Dingledine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Kheder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta , Atlanta, GA 30342 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5-6","key":"2024083009580089900_fcae179-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00036-6","article-title":"The role of the piriform cortex in kindling","volume":"50","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024083009580089900_fcae179-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.0204","article-title":"Association of piriform cortex resection with surgical outcomes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"76","author":"Galovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024083009580089900_fcae179-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51263","article-title":"Resection of piriform cortex predicts seizure freedom in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"8","author":"Borger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024083009580089900_fcae179-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51620","article-title":"Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: Piriform cortex resection impacts seizure control in the long-term","volume":"9","author":"Borger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024083009580089900_fcae179-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.56","article-title":"Olfactory epileptic auras","volume":"51","author":"Acharya","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024083009580089900_fcae179-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24130","article-title":"Comprehensive cellular-resolution atlas of the adult human brain","volume":"525","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Comp 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