{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:49:35Z","timestamp":1790801375663,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":333,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023670","name":"Nyckelfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Avtal om l\u00e4karutbildning och forskning\/Medical Training and Research Agreement","award":["ALFGBG-938453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-938453"]}]},{"name":"Avtal om l\u00e4karutbildning och forskning\/Medical Training and Research Agreement","award":["ALFGBG-971130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-971130"]}]},{"name":"Avtal om l\u00e4karutbildning och forskning\/Medical Training and Research Agreement","award":["ALFGBG-978954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-978954"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005878","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det f\u00f6r h\u00e4lsa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005878","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"arbetsliv och v\u00e4lf\u00e4rd\/Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare"},{"name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det f\u00f6r milj\u00f6, areella n\u00e4ringar och samh\u00e4llsbyggande\/Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning","award":["2020-02828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-02828"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis are associated with prior infectious exposures, so we assessed whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with subsequent diagnoses of non-multiple sclerosis demyelinating diseases and multiple sclerosis. All residents of Sweden aged 3\u2013100 years were followed between 1 January 2020 and 30 November 2022, excluding those with demyelinating disease prior to 2020, comprising 9 959 818 individuals divided into uninfected and those who were infected were categorized into those with and without hospital admission for the infection as a marker of infection severity. Cox regression assessed the risk of two separate outcomes: hospital diagnosed non-multiple sclerosis demyelinating diseases of the CNS and multiple sclerosis. The exposures were modelled as time-varying covariates (uninfected, infection without hospital admission and infected with hospital admission). Hospital admission for COVID-19 was associated with raised risk of subsequent non-multiple sclerosis demyelinating disease, but only 12 individuals had this outcome among the exposed, and of those, 7 has an unspecified demyelinating disease diagnosis. Rates per 100 000 person-years (and 95% confidence intervals) were 3.8 (3.6\u20134.1) among those without a COVID-19 diagnosis and 9.0 (5.1\u201315.9) among those admitted to hospital for COVID-19, with an adjusted hazard ratio and (and 95% confidence interval) of 2.35 (1.32\u20134.18, P = 0.004). Equivalent associations with multiple sclerosis (28 individuals had this outcome among the exposed) were rates of 9.5 (9.1\u20139.9) and 21.0 (14.5\u201330.5) and an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.48 (1.70\u20133.61, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Only a small number of non-multiple sclerosis demyelinating disease diagnoses were associated with hospital admission for COVID-19, and while the number with multiple sclerosis was somewhat higher, longer duration of follow-up will assist in identifying whether the associations are causal or due to shared susceptibility or surveillance bias, as these diseases can have long asymptomatic and prodromal phases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T16:28:02Z","timestamp":1734712082000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of subsequent demyelinating diseases: national register\u2013based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6328-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , 703 62 \u00d6rebro ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London , London WC1E 7HB ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1030-3470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snieguole","family":"Vingeliene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , 703 62 \u00d6rebro ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1127-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , 405 30 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2691-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Backman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , 701 85 \u00d6rebro ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruzan","family":"Udumyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , 703 62 \u00d6rebro ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8949-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Jendeberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , 701 85 \u00d6rebro ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunl\u00f6g","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , 701 85 \u00d6rebro ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7928-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Sundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , 701 85 \u00d6rebro ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3649-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , 703 62 \u00d6rebro ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2088-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayako","family":"Hiyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , 703 62 \u00d6rebro 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