{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T23:01:34Z","timestamp":1780354894043,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARUK-PG2014-1946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARUK-PG2014-1946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARUK-PG2017-1946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARUK-PG2017-1946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSUB19166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSUB19166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_10019\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_10019\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_10019\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_10019\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001320","name":"Wolfson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PR\/ylr\/18575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR\/ylr\/18575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014392","name":"Avid Radiopharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Survey of Health and Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We assessed the association between leisure time physical activity patterns across 30 years of adulthood with a range of in vivo Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related neurodegenerative markers and cognition, and their interplay, at age 70. Participants from the 1946 British birth cohort study prospectively reported leisure time physical activity five times between ages 36 and 69 and were dichotomized into (i) not active (no participation\/month) and (ii) active (participated once or more\/month) and further derived into: (0) never active (not active); (1) active before 50\u2019s only (\u226443 years); (2) active from 50\u2019s onwards only (\u226553 years); (3) always active (active throughout). Participants underwent 18F-florbetapir A\u03b2 and magnetic resonance imaging at age 70. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the direct and the moderating relationship between leisure time physical activity metrics, Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related neurodegeneration markers (including A\u03b2 status, hippocampal and whole-brain volume, and cortical thickness in Alzheimer\u2019s disease signature regions) and cognition. All models were adjusted for childhood cognition, education and childhood socioeconomic position, and examined by sex. Findings drawn from 468 participants (49% female) demonstrated a direct association between being active before 50 years old (\u226443 years) and throughout life (up to age 69 years), with larger hippocampal volume at age 70 (P &amp;lt; 0.05). There was little evidence that leisure time physical activity had direct effects on other brain health measures (all P &amp;gt; 0.05). However, leisure time physical activity patterns modified and attenuated the association between poorer cognitive functioning at age 70 and a range of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related neurodegenerative markers (A\u03b2 status; hippocampal and whole-brain volume; cortical thickness in Alzheimer\u2019s disease regions) (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). We found suggestive evidence that women with early markers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related neurodegeneration were most sensitive to leisure time physical activity patterns: a lifetime of inactivity in women exacerbated the manifestation of early Alzheimer\u2019s disease markers (A\u03b2 and cortical thickness-related cognition), yet, if women were active across life or early in life, it mostly buffered these negative relationships. Engagement in leisure time physical activity in the life course is associated with better cognitive functioning at age 70, even in those with early markers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. If causal, this is likely via multiple pathways, potentially through the preservation of hippocampal volume, as well as via cognitive resilience pathways delaying cognitive manifestations of early markers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, particularly in women. Our findings warrant further research to shed light on the mechanisms of physical activity as a potential disease-modifying intervention of brain health and cognitive resilience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T07:03:15Z","timestamp":1743231795000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The relationship between leisure time physical activity patterns, Alzheimer\u2019s disease markers and cognition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-4416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah-Naomi","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL , Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 7HB ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3BG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole H","family":"Sudre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL , Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 7HB ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3BG ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London , London WC1V 6LJ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Biomedical Computing, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London SE1 7EH ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3BG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7833-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M","family":"Cash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3BG ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London , London NW1 3BT ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4543-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Jie","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung 833401 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7LF ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3976-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Coath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3BG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashvini","family":"Keshavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3BG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8416-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsty","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3BG 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,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5773-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Orini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL , Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 7HB ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3BG ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Care Research and Technology, Imperial College London , London W12 0BZ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London , London W12 0NN ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Almeida-Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London , London WC1E 6BT ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick C","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3BG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9191-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL , Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 7HB 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