{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:46:39Z","timestamp":1753875999137,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023835","name":"BRAIN Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Epidemiological evidence associates Toxoplasma gondii latent infection with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, and various immunological and environmental factors play key pathophysiological roles through host immune response alterations. We investigated the cognitive and motor alterations occurring in the terminal stage of T. gondii infection in rats, and whether a low-protein diet, a high-fat diet or ovariectomy may accelerate their development, given the role of malnutrition and menopause on immunity and resistance to infection. In two sets of experiments, 2-month-old (157.5 \u00b1 4.3\u2005g, n = 42) male (n = 18) and female (n = 24) Wistar rats were infected with T. gondii (ATCC 40050). Open-field and elevated plus maze tests were performed in the terminal stage of infection first and then in the early stage in low-protein diet\u2013fed, high-fat diet\u2013fed and ovariectomized infected rats. Late-stage (90 days) infected and early-stage (17 days) low-protein diet\u2013fed groups showed significant decreases in body weight (42.42%\u2193, P = 0.016 and 57.14%\u2193, P &amp;lt; 0.001 versus non-infected, respectively), increases in body temperature (P = 0.001 and P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively), decreases in blood glucose levels (P = 0.006 and P = 0.020, respectively), signs of cognitive and motor impairment and lower neuron counts. The alterations observed in high-fat diet\u2013fed and ovariectomized infected animals were milder. Low-protein diet feeding to T. gondii-infected rats accelerated the occurrence of the infection terminal stage. Thus, a diet low in proteins could transform a slow early-stage T. gondii infection into an active neurotoxoplasmosis with neuropsychiatric manifestations and possible neurodegeneration in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T10:55:32Z","timestamp":1735642532000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of diet and ovariectomy on <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> brain infection: functional alterations and neuronal loss in rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nene","family":"Ahidjo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul F","family":"Seke Etet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Basic and Translational Research Unit, Center for Sustainable Health and Development , Garoua ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua , P.O. Box 346 Garoua, Garoua ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Ngarka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Maidawa Yaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Basic and Translational Research Unit, Center for Sustainable Health and Development , Garoua ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua , P.O. Box 346 Garoua, Garoua ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethel W","family":"Ndianteng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aude L","family":"Eyenga Nna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc Yvan","family":"Meka\u2019a Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Kemmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline N C","family":"Nwasike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Floriane G","family":"Yonkeu Tatchou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wepnyu Y","family":"Njamnshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Division of Health Operations Research, Ministry of Public Health , P. O. Box 1937, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard N","family":"Nfor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick V","family":"Tsouh Fokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies (LPMPS), The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P. O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda , P.O. Box 39, Bamenda ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Advanced Research and Health Innovation Hub , P.O. Box 20133, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sefirin","family":"Djiogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Fekam Boyom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies (LPMPS), The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P. O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Advanced Research and Health Innovation Hub , P.O. Box 20133, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonaventure T","family":"Ngadjui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 812, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0052-1511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred K","family":"Njamnshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , P.O. Box 25625, Yaound\u00e9 ,","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024123110551657000_fcae441-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842595","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.842595","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii genotyping: A closer look into Europe","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Escobar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024123110551657000_fcae441-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00115-19","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00115-19","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of cerebral toxoplasmosis","volume":"34","author":"Elsheikha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"2024123110551657000_fcae441-B3","first-page":"5512408","article-title":"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented as atypical ocular 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