{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:38:32Z","timestamp":1792013912269,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S021418\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S021418\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012621","name":"University College London Hospitals\u2019 National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005224","name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG CRC 1436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG CRC 1436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation is seen in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus from the earliest stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease onwards and has been associated with symptoms of agitation. It is hypothesized that compensatory locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system overactivity and impaired emotion regulation could underlie agitation propensity, but to our knowledge this has not previously been investigated. A better understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of agitation would help the development of targeted prevention and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Using a sample of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and probable mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia from the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (DELCODE) study cohort (N = 309, aged 67\u201396 years, 51% female), we assessed cross-sectional relationships between a latent factor representing the functional integrity of an affect-related executive regulation network and agitation point prevalence and severity scores. In a subsample of individuals with locus coeruleus MRI imaging data (N = 37, aged 68\u201393 years, 49% female), we also investigated preliminary associations between locus coeruleus MRI contrast ratios (a measure of structural integrity, whole or divided into rostral, middle, and caudal thirds) and individual affect-related regulation network factor scores and agitation measures. Regression models controlled for effects of age and clinical disease severity and, for models including resting-state functional MRI connectivity variables, grey matter volume and education years.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Agitation point prevalence showed a positive relationship with a latent factor representing the functional integrity (and a negative relationship with a corresponding structural measure) of the affect-related executive regulation network. Locus coeruleus MRI contrast ratios were positively associated with agitation severity (but only for the rostral third, in N = 13) and negatively associated with the functional affect-related executive regulation latent factor scores. Resting-state functional connectivity between a medial prefrontal cortex region and the left amygdala was related to locus coeruleus MRI contrast ratios.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>These findings implicate the involvement of locus coeruleus integrity and emotion dysregulation in agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and support the presence of potential compensatory processes. At the neural level, there may be a dissociation between mechanisms underlying agitation risk per se and symptom severity. Further studies are needed to replicate and extend these findings, incorporating longitudinal designs, measures of autonomic function and non-linear modelling approaches to explore potential causal and context-dependent relationships across Alzheimer\u2019s disease stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T16:07:39Z","timestamp":1734451659000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Locus coeruleus signal intensity and emotion regulation in agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7482-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathy Y","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, University College London , London W1T 7NF ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , 39120 Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University , 39120 Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"CBBS Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences , 39106 Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"H\u00e4mmerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , 39120 Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University , 39120 Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"CBBS Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences , 39106 Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London , London WC1N 3AZ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0139-5388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emrah","family":"D\u00fczel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , 39120 Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University , 39120 Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"CBBS Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences , 39106 Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4331-6112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Mather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90089 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