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It is characterized by neurodegeneration, with amyloid-beta and tau aggregation. Recently, however, the roles of the vasculature and the neurovascular unit are being highlighted as important for disease progression. In particular, there is reduced microvascular density, and altered gene expression in vascular and glial cells. Structural changes naturally impact the functioning of the neurovascular unit, and the goal of the study was to quantify the corresponding changes in vivo, non-invasively. Our assessment is based on recordings of brain oxygenation, neuronal and cardiorespiratory activities, captured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy, electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram and respiration effort, respectively. Two groups were compared: an Alzheimer\u2019s disease group (N = 19) and a control group (N = 20) of similar age. The time-series were analysed using methods that can capture multi-scale and time-varying oscillations such as the wavelet transform power and wavelet phase coherence. The Alzheimer\u2019s disease group shows a significant decrease in the power of brain oxygenation oscillations compared to the control group. There is also a significant global reduction in the phase coherence between brain oxygenation time-series. The neurovascular phase coherence around 0.1\u2005Hz is also significantly reduced in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease group. In addition, the average respiration rate is increased in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease group compared to the control group. We show that the phase coherence between vascular and neuronal activities is reduced in Alzheimer\u2019s disease compared to the control group, indicating altered functioning of the neurovascular unit. The brain oxygenation dynamics reveals reduced power and coordination of oscillations, especially in frequency ranges that are associated with vasomotion. This could lead to reduced oxygen delivery to the brain, which could affect ATP production, and potentially reduce amyloid-beta clearance. These changes in neurovascular dynamics have potential for early diagnosis, as a marker of disease progression, and for evaluating the effect of interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:07:06Z","timestamp":1738541226000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neurovascular phase coherence is altered in Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Juliane","family":"Bjerkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Lancaster University , LA1 4YB Lancaster ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Megli\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre , 1525 Ljubljana 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