{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T17:49:20Z","timestamp":1789235360606,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other cognitive impairments are a growing problem in the healthcare world with the ageing population. There are currently no effective treatments available; however, it has been suggested that targeting neuroinflammation may be a successful approach in slowing the progression of neurodegeneration. Reducing the destructive hyperinflammatory pathology to maintain homeostasis in neural tissue is a promising option to consider. This review explores the mechanisms behind neuroinflammation and the effectiveness of immunotherapy in slowing the progression of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The key components of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease researched are microglia, astrocytes, cytokines and CD8+ effector T cells. The role of oxidative stress on modulating regulatory T cells and some of the limitations of regulatory T cell\u2013based therapies are also explored. Increasing regulatory T cells can decrease activation of microglia, proinflammatory cytokines and astrocytes; however, it can also increase levels of inflammatory cytokines. There is a complex network of regulatory T cell interactions that reduce Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology, which is not fully understood. Exploring the current literature, further research into the use of immunotherapy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease is vital to determine the potential of these techniques; however, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that increasing regulatory T cells count does prevent Alzheimer\u2019s disease symptoms and pathology in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Some exciting innovative therapies are muted to explore in the future. The function of regulatory T cells in the presence of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress should be investigated further in patients with neurogenerative disorders to ascertain if combination therapies could reduce oxidative stress while also enhancing regulatory T cells function. Could methods of immunotherapy infuse exogenous functional Tregs or enhance the immune environment in favour of endogenous regulatory T cells differentiation, thus reducing neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative pathology, inhibiting the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease?<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T14:00:36Z","timestamp":1740492036000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Could immunotherapy and regulatory T cells be used therapeutically to slow the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Abbott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter EX2 4TH ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin E","family":"Housden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter EX2 4TH ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4QD ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2660-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annwyne","family":"Houldsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter EX2 4TH ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter EX2 4TH ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B1","author":"NHS"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5789","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245789","article-title":"Comprehensive review on Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Causes and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Breijyeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010107","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Rostagno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B4","volume-title":"Dementia UK: Update (2nd ed)","author":"Prince","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B5","first-page":"327","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures","volume":"17","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B6","first-page":"300","article-title":"Differences between early and late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Panegyres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000507078","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment: A literature review","volume":"49","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2019.1696473","article-title":"Management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI): The need for national and international guidelines","volume":"21","author":"Kasper","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004717","article-title":"Aging, memory, and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"9","author":"Petersen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205015666180119092427","article-title":"Estimating Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression rates from normal cognition through mild cognitive impairment and stages of dementia","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0333-5","article-title":"The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Deture","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01312","article-title":"New insights into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140503","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Genetic aspects and associated clinical disorders","volume":"14","author":"Heyman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06336.x","article-title":"The risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A review and a hypothesis","volume":"78","author":"Henderson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67889-0","article-title":"Global prevalence of dementia: A Delphi consensus study","volume":"366","author":"Ferri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2019.85929","article-title":"Risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"57","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988710383571","article-title":"Genetics of Alzheimer disease","volume":"23","author":"Bekris","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S105769","article-title":"Genes associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An overview and current status","volume":"11","author":"Giri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01001-8","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E deficiency promotes increased oxidative stress and compensatory increases in antioxidants in brain tissue.","volume":"33","author":"Shea","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B20","author":"NHS"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091527","article-title":"Immunotherapies for Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2014A review","volume":"10","author":"Valiukas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00026.x","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"48","author":"McGleenon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B23","first-page":"CD003154","article-title":"Memantine for dementia","volume":"3","author":"McShane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.113","article-title":"Cognitive intervention in Alzheimer disease","volume":"6","author":"Hampel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-111616","article-title":"Memantine and brain atrophy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A 1-year randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35185","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035185","article-title":"Efficacy of memantine for agitation in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia: A randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948","article-title":"Lecanemab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"388","author":"van Dyck","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B28","author":"U.S Food and Drink Administration"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169499","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1169499","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of lecanemab for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"15","author":"Qiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B30","author":"Alzheimer's Research UK"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0315","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of Aducanumab and Donanemab for early Alzheimer disease in the US","volume":"79","author":"Ross","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00838-z","article-title":"Aducanumab produced a clinically meaningful benefit in association with amyloid lowering","volume":"13","author":"Cummings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12213","article-title":"Failure to demonstrate efficacy of aducanumab: An analysis of the EMERGE and ENGAGE trials as reported by Biogen, December 2019","volume":"17","author":"Knopman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e047259","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.047259","article-title":"Emerge and engage topline results: Phase 3 studies of aducanumab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Haeberlein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13239","article-title":"TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 investigators, Donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer disease: The TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"330","author":"Sims","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.08.005","article-title":"The role of the immune system in Alzheimer disease: Etiology and treatment","volume":"40","author":"Jevtic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-200171","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease, inflammation, and the role of antioxidants","volume":"4","author":"Sinyor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcaa112","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa112","article-title":"Restoring regulatory T-cell dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease through ex vivo expansion.","volume":"2","author":"Faridar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08959-8","article-title":"Tissue resident and follicular Treg cell differentiation is regulated by CRAC channels","volume":"10","author":"Vaeth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01447-z","article-title":"Ex vivo expanded human regulatory T cells modify neuroinflammation in a preclinical model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Faridar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.14712\/18059694.2016.63","article-title":"Regulatory T cells (Treg) and their roles in immune system with respect to immunopathological disorders","volume":"53","author":"Kond\u011blkov\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic)"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01563-9","article-title":"Interaction of microglia and T cells: A deadly duo behind Tau-mediated neurodegeneration","volume":"8","author":"Askin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1248-8","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease patients have a complex phenotypic and functional Th1 bias: Cross-sectional studies of CD4+ Th1\/Th2\/T17 and Treg in drug-na\u00efve and drug-treated patients","volume":"15","author":"Kustrimovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0175-7","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in cancer immunosuppression\u2014Implications for anticancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"Togashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02702-3","article-title":"Doroth\u00e9e, regulatory T cells decrease C3-positive reactive astrocytes in Alzheimer-like pathology","volume":"20","author":"Stym-Popper","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789740","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.789740","article-title":"Oxidative stress promotes instability of regulatory T cells in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"12","author":"Shimojima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-0445-3_14","article-title":"Regulatory T cell-mediated tissue repair","volume":"1064","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxac084","article-title":"The potential for treg-enhancing therapies in nervous system pathologies","volume":"211","author":"Olson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2022.06.005","article-title":"Brain-resident regulatory T cells and their role in health and disease.","volume":"248","author":"Liston","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7668","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.75965","article-title":"Adoptive therapy with amyloid-\u03b2 specific regulatory T cells alleviates Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12170","article-title":"Regulatory T cell homeostasis: Steady-state maintenance and modulation during inflammation","volume":"259","author":"Smigiel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01213","article-title":"Imbalance of circulating Th17 and regulatory T cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A case control study","volume":"9","author":"Oberstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8788","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45433-3","article-title":"The characterization of regulatory T-cell profiles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Ciccocioppo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-091696","article-title":"PD1 negative and PD1 positive CD4+ T regulatory cells in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Saresella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08960-1","article-title":"Essential and non-overlapping IL-2R\u03b1-dependent processes for thymic development and peripheral homeostasis of regulatory T cells","volume":"10","author":"Toomer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.05.011","article-title":"Higher frequency of regulatory T cells in the elderly and increased suppressive activity in neurodegeneration","volume":"188","author":"Rosenkranz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275965","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00783","article-title":"Differential phenotypes of myeloid-derived suppressor and T regulatory cells and cytokine levels in amnestic mild cognitive impairment subjects compared to mild Alzheimer diseased patients","volume":"8","author":"Le Page","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69347","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12469","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of CD4 + CD25 + foxp3 + regulatory T cells in a 3xTg-AD Alzheimer\u2019s disease model","volume":"7","author":"Baek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv408","article-title":"Regulatory T cells delay disease progression in Alzheimer-like pathology","volume":"139","author":"Dansokho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.08.001","article-title":"Neurological disease as a failure of brain\u2013immune crosstalk: The multiple faces of neuroinflammation","volume":"37","author":"Schwartz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020783","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of A\u03b2-specific regulatory T cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A study in 5xFAD mice","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00692-7","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 specific regulatory T cells attenuate Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathobiology in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"18","author":"Yeapuri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3540","article-title":"An essential role for the IL-2 receptor in Treg cell function","volume":"17","author":"Chinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415106","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1415106","article-title":"A phase 1 proof-of-concept study evaluating safety, tolerability, and biological marker responses with combination therapy of CTLA4-Ig and interleukin-2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"15","author":"Thonhoff","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102844","article-title":"Repeated 5-day cycles of low dose aldesleukin in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (IMODALS): A phase 2a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"59","author":"Camu","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00387-5","article-title":"A phase 1 open-label pilot study of low-dose interleukine-2 immunotherapy in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"12","author":"Faridar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcad356","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad356","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders: A review of reactive oxygen species and prevention by antioxidants","volume":"6","author":"Houldsworth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12781","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12781","article-title":"The role of astrocytes in oxidative stress of central nervous system: A mixed blessing","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5167","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0482-06.2006","article-title":"Reduction in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase modulates Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pathology and accelerates the onset of behavioral changes in human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice","volume":"26","author":"Esposito","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B71","first-page":"212","article-title":"Antioxidants in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Current therapeutic significance and future prospects","volume":"11","author":"Pritam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8416763","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763","article-title":"Oxidative stress: Harms and benefits for human health","volume":"2017","author":"Pizzino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.012","article-title":"Inflammation induced by infection potentiates tau pathological features in transgenic mice","volume":"178","author":"Sy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S158513","article-title":"Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases","volume":"13","author":"Liguori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729757","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.729757","article-title":"Oxidative stress and cognitive decline: The neuroprotective role of natural antioxidants","volume":"15","author":"Franzoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/08830180590934976","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in immunologic self-tolerance and autoimmune disease","volume":"24","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B77","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Marine Antioxidants: Preparations, Syntheses, Appl","author":"Saxena","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00469-8","article-title":"Oxidative stress and overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"250","author":"De Leo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s394-001-8347-4","article-title":"Diet, evolution and aging\u2013the pathophysiologic effects of the post-agricultural inversion of the potassium-to-sodium and base-to-chloride ratios in the human diet","volume":"40","author":"Frassetto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B80","first-page":"23","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of garlic a review","volume":"3","author":"Mathew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Libyan J Med"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00231","article-title":"Early detection and prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Role of oxidative markers and natural antioxidants","volume":"12","author":"Arslan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170720095240","article-title":"Microglia and astrocytes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Implications for therapy","volume":"16","author":"Fakhoury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01180-z","article-title":"Blocking microglial activation of reactive astrocytes is neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-7-56","article-title":"LPS- induced inflammation exacerbates phospho-tau pathology in rTg4510 mice","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.4068\/cmj.2017.53.3.196","article-title":"NADPH oxidase mediates \u03b2-amyloid peptide-induced neuronal death in mouse cortical cultures","volume":"53","author":"Chay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chonnam Med J"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02512-z","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of ex vivo-expanded regulatory T cells on trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration in mice.","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B87","author":"Jaber"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.11.020","article-title":"IL-10 alters immunoproteostasis in APP mice, increasing plaque burden and worsening cognitive behavior.","volume":"85","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0824-5","article-title":"Brain regulatory T cells suppress astrogliosis and potentiate neurological recovery","volume":"565","author":"Ito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0433-4","article-title":"The role of microglia in amyloid clearance from the AD brain","volume":"117","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742065","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.742065","article-title":"Microglia in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: From understanding to therapy","volume":"15","author":"Muzio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201694591","article-title":"Young microglia restore amyloid plaque clearance of aged microglia","volume":"36","author":"Daria","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8354","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0616-08.2008","article-title":"Microglial dysfunction and defective beta-amyloid clearance pathways in aging Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice","volume":"28","author":"Hickman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1136-17.2017","article-title":"Microglia-mediated synapse loss in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Rajendran","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2011.09.002","article-title":"Wild type and P301L mutant Tau promote neuro-inflammation and \u03b1-synuclein accumulation in lentiviral gene delivery models","volume":"49","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180653","article-title":"Microglial translational profiling reveals a convergent APOE pathway from aging, amyloid, and tau","volume":"215","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02486-y","article-title":"Microglial amyloid beta clearance is driven by PIEZO1 channels","volume":"19","author":"J\u00e4ntti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500801","article-title":"Control of regulatory T cell migration, function and homeostasis","volume":"195","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.56342","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Bathina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23748","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of microglial phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway involved in long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity in rats","volume":"68","author":"Saw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-020-00582-9","article-title":"BDNF impact on synaptic dynamics: Extra or intracellular long-term release differently regulates cultured hippocampal synapses","volume":"13","author":"Rauti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1912","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rodent and primate models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Nagahara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-017-0049-7","article-title":"International FTD-Genomics Consortium (IFGC), International Parkinson\u2019s Disease Genetics Consortium (IPDGC), International Genomics of Alzheimer\u2019s Project (IGAP), CXCR4 involvement in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"8","author":"Bonham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00051","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of Treg-mediatedt cell suppression","volume":"3","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.11.020","article-title":"IL-10 alters immunoproteostasis in APP mice, increasing plaque burden and worsening cognitive behavior","volume":"85","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2011.126","article-title":"AAV serotype 2\/1-mediated gene delivery of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 enhances neurogenesis and cognitive function in APP + PS1 mice","volume":"19","author":"Kiyota","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/87945","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21 promotes microglial amyloid-\u03b2 clearance and reduces plaque burden in transgenic mice","volume":"7","author":"Wyss-Coray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B108","first-page":"aww330","article-title":"Interleukin-2 improves amyloid pathology, synaptic failure and memory in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice","volume":"140","author":"Alves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxac105","article-title":"IL-2-based approaches to Treg enhancement","volume":"211","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.014","article-title":"A low interleukin-2 receptor signaling threshold supports the development and homeostasis of T regulatory cells","volume":"30","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.10.002","article-title":"Differential roles of IL-2 signaling in developing versus mature Tregs","volume":"25","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20212391","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20212391","article-title":"Context-dependent effects of IL-2 rewire immunity into distinct cellular circuits","volume":"219","author":"Whyte","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01208-z","article-title":"Astrocyte-targeted gene delivery of interleukin 2 specifically increases brain-resident regulatory T cell numbers and protects against pathological neuroinflammation","volume":"23","author":"Yshii","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8657-1","article-title":"Body fluid cytokine levels in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A comparative overview","volume":"50","author":"Brosseron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0619-8","article-title":"Astrocytes: Biology and pathology","volume":"119","author":"Sofroniew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a020370","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020370","article-title":"Astrocytes control synapse formation, function, and elimination","volume":"7","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12776","article-title":"Astrocytes mediate synapse elimination through MEGF10 and MERTK pathways","volume":"504","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.08.002","article-title":"Molecular dissection of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation","volume":"32","author":"Sofroniew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(91)90091-W","article-title":"Spatial relationships between astrocytes and classical plaque components","volume":"12","author":"Wisniewski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.022","article-title":"Treg cell-derived osteopontin promotes microglia-mediated white matter repair after ischemic stroke","volume":"54","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255316","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1255316","article-title":"Tregs depletion aggravates activation of astrocytes by modulating IL-10\/GXP4 following cerebral infarction","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00226-4","article-title":"A central role for astrocytes in the inflammatory response to beta-amyloid; chemokines, cytokines and reactive oxygen species are produced","volume":"93","author":"Johnstone","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00160","article-title":"Mechanisms of A\u03b2 clearance and degradation by glial cells","volume":"8","author":"Ries","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374279-7.14009-3","article-title":"Activation of CD8 T lymphocytes during viral infections","volume":"4","author":"Sigal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Immunobiology"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0427-y","article-title":"T cells promote microglia-mediated synaptic elimination and cognitive dysfunction during recovery from neuropathogenic flaviviruses","volume":"22","author":"Garber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01415-3","article-title":"Infiltrating CD8+ T cells exacerbate Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology in a 3D human neuroimmune axis model","volume":"26","author":"Jorfi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.020","article-title":"Lymphocyte subset patterns and cytokine production in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients","volume":"28","author":"Speciale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200839107","article-title":"Antigen-specific Treg impair CD8+ T-cell priming by blocking early T-cell expansion","volume":"40","author":"Chappert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7529","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103782108","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control CD8+ T-cell effector differentiation by modulating IL-2 homeostasis","volume":"108","author":"McNally","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-024-00443-2","article-title":"Terminally differentiated effector memory T cells associate with cognitive and AD-related biomarkers in an aging-based community cohort","volume":"21","author":"Winford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immun Ageing."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04266-6","article-title":"Peripheral immune cells contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.05.009","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and immune tolerance","volume":"133","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7967","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8967","article-title":"Breaking immune tolerance by targeting foxp3 + regulatory T cells mitigates Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology","volume":"6","author":"Baruch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv081","article-title":"Reactive microglia drive tau pathology and contribute to the spreading of pathological tau in the brain","volume":"138","author":"Maphis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1159\/000216841","article-title":"Rapid progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer\u2019s disease in subjects with elevated levels of Tau in cerebrospinal fluid and the APOE \u03b54\/\u03b54 genotype","volume":"27","author":"Blom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183284.92920.f2","article-title":"Phosphorylated tau predicts rate of cognitive decline in MCI subjects: A comparative CSF study","volume":"65","author":"Buerger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267762","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1267762","article-title":"Unlocking the potential of Tregs: Innovations in CAR technology.","volume":"10","author":"Requejo Cier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12162115","article-title":"Development of Beta-amyloid-specific CAR-Tregs for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"12","author":"Saetzler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3432","article-title":"Pathogenic conversion of Foxp3+ T cells into TH17 cells in autoimmune arthritis.","volume":"20","author":"Komatsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793234","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.793234","article-title":"Autoimmunity and cancer\u2014Two sides of the same coin","volume":"13","author":"Sakowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821598","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.821598","article-title":"Cancer and autoimmune diseases: A tale of two immunological opposites?","volume":"13","author":"Elkoshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520615666150824153523","article-title":"The immune system in cancer prevention, development and therapy","volume":"16","author":"Candeias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med Chem"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2018.04.002","article-title":"Immunosuppressive\/autoimmune disorders","volume":"53","author":"Richard-Eaglin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12789","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease as an innate autoimmune disease (AD2): A new molecular paradigm","volume":"19","author":"Weaver","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j895","article-title":"Risk of serious infections associated with use of immunosuppressive agents in pregnant women with autoimmune inflammatory conditions: Cohort study","volume":"356","author":"Desai","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.03.030","article-title":"TH17 cells and regulatory T cells in primary immunodeficiency diseases","volume":"123","author":"Ochs","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12119","article-title":"Protective and detrimental roles for regulatory T cells in a viral model for multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042098620985690","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098620985690","article-title":"Routine use of immunosuppressants is associated with mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Myint","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16395","article-title":"Feasibility, long-term safety, and immune monitoring of regulatory T cell therapy in living donor kidney transplant recipients","volume":"21","author":"Harden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transplant."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-4079(20)30646-1","article-title":"You\u2019re only as young as your immune system","volume":"245","author":"Lawton","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2165\/11316480-000000000-00000","article-title":"Immunotherapy in elderly transplant recipients","volume":"26","author":"Kuypers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs Aging."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15214","article-title":"Early combined immunosuppression may be effective and safe in older patients with Crohn\u2019s disease: Post hoc analysis of REACT","volume":"49","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1093","article-title":"Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival","volume":"10","author":"Curiel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B154","author":"Town"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2008.04.008","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and treatment of cancer","volume":"20","author":"Curiel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1806","article-title":"Regulatory T cells, tumour immunity and immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Zou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2139","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating Foxp3-CD4+CD25+ T cells predict poor survival in renal cell carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11702","article-title":"Correlation of high numbers of intratumoral FOXP3 + regulatory T cells with improved survival in germinal center-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and classical Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"93","author":"Tzankov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-018218","article-title":"High numbers of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells are associated with improved overall survival in follicular lymphoma","volume":"108","author":"Carreras","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0307-250","article-title":"Regulatory T-cell development: Is Foxp3 the decider?","volume":"13","author":"Curiel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.10.029","article-title":"Age and cancer risk: A potentially modifiable relationship","volume":"46","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B162"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02359","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) treg: A promising approach to inducing immunological tolerance.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.02.004","article-title":"Regulatory T cell reprogramming toward a th2-cell-like lineage impairs oral tolerance and promotes food allergy","volume":"42","author":"NovalRivas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1774","article-title":"Instability of the transcription factor Foxp3 leads to the generation of pathogenic memory T cells in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2014.11.005","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of allogeneic regulatory T cells into patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease","volume":"17","author":"Theil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e465","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000465","article-title":"Expanded autologous regulatory T-lymphocyte infusions in ALS: A phase I, first-in-human study, neurology(R)","volume":"5","author":"Thonhoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimmunol Neuroinflam"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2020.104214","article-title":"Identification, selection, and expansion of non-gene modified alloantigen-reactive Tregs for clinical therapeutic use","volume":"357","author":"Alzhrani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2025032523060565900_fcaf092-B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200826090-00004","article-title":"The NICE cost-effectiveness threshold: What it is and what that means","volume":"26","author":"McCabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"}],"container-title":["Brain Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf092\/62166017\/fcaf092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/7\/2\/fcaf092\/62166017\/fcaf092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/7\/2\/fcaf092\/62166017\/fcaf092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T08:10:11Z","timestamp":1743235811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf092\/8042041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":169,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf092","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"fcaf092"}}