{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:04:41Z","timestamp":1791857081524,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":124,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Visual Snow Initiative"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a neurological disorder that is predominantly characterized by persistent, dynamic visual disturbances, experienced across the entire visual field. Earlier research highlighted the significance of distinct brain regions, exhibiting alterations in both anatomical structure and functional characteristics. To further investigate the functional role of these regions, we examined the resting-state connectivity between these areas in individuals with VSS and the relation with VSS symptoms and oculomotor measures of visual processing. Forty patients with VSS (53% females; age = 33.2 \u00b1 10.1 years; 22 with migraine) and 60 healthy controls (58% females; age = 32.0 \u00b1 9.2 years) were scanned using 7 Tesla MRI system. High spatial and temporal resting-state (RS) functional (TR = 800\u2005ms, 1.6\u2005mm isotropic) and anatomical (MP2RAGE, 0.75\u2005mm isotropic) images were acquired. Resting-state data were pre-processed (motion correction, temporal filtering and spatial smoothing), functional connectivity was calculated between regions of interest and compared between groups. Significant metrics were compared with VSS patients with and without migraine and correlated with oculomotor measures (prosaccade and anti-saccade latencies), number of VSS symptoms, self-rated VSS intensity and perceived disruptiveness. Compared to healthy controls, VSS patients demonstrated significantly higher connectivity between the supramarginal gyrus and lateral occipital cortex (P = 0.016) and fusiform (P = 0.007), lower connectivity between the supramarginal gyrus and pallidum (P = 0.032), as well as between the parahippocampal gyrus and lateral occipital cortex (P = 0.007), which related to higher perceived disruptiveness (P = 0.002, r = \u22120.489). No differences were found between VSS with and without migraine. This study revealed altered functional connectivity strength in individuals with VSS, suggesting stronger connectivity between cortical areas, particularly centred around the supramarginal gyrus, and disconnections with deep grey matter and temporal cortices, which associated with perceived disruptiveness of VSS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T22:27:24Z","timestamp":1746484044000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Altered functional connectivity strength between structurally and functionally affected brain regions in visual snow syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8995-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrte","family":"Strik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts and Sciences (KNAW) , 1105 BA Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Computational Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts and Sciences (KNAW) , 1105 BA Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meaghan J","family":"Clough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC 3004 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5241-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma J","family":"Solly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC 3004 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Glarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen B","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC 3004 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott C","family":"Kolbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence in Optical Microcombs for Breakthrough Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University , Melbourne, VIC 3000 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Fielding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC 3004 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2025051301172637600_fcaf171-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu050","article-title":"Visual snow\u201d\u2014A disorder distinct from persistent migraine aura","volume":"137","author":"Schankin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"July","key":"2025051301172637600_fcaf171-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703006","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.703006","article-title":"The psychiatric symptomology of visual snow syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Solly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front 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syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Puledda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"September","key":"2025051301172637600_fcaf171-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723805","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.723805","article-title":"Widespread white matter alterations in patients with visual snow syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Michels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025051301172637600_fcaf171-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcac164","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac164","article-title":"Microstructure in patients with visual snow syndrome: An ultra-high field morphological and quantitative MRI study","volume":"4","author":"Strik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051301172637600_fcaf171-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50986","article-title":"Insular and occipital changes in visual snow syndrome: A BOLD fMRI and MRS 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