{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:14:15Z","timestamp":1756253655579,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":203,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"FWO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G094418N","12AEP24N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G094418N","12AEP24N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Interne Fondsen KU Leuven"},{"name":"Internal Funds KU Leuven","award":["C14\/21\/109","C14\/17\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C14\/21\/109","C14\/17\/10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Previous studies of the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia have determined which word features render single words more vulnerable. Here, we applied a graph-based approach and modelled the pathological changes at the network level. In healthy individuals, the two principal dimensions for the organization of the word meaning network are concreteness and valence. Ten semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia cases (mean age 66 years, 6 female, Clinical Dementia Rating: 3 patients = 0; 6 patients = 0.5; 1 patient = 1) participated as well as 79 matched controls. A set of 32 words were selected a priori to cover a broad range of valence and concreteness. In a triad judgement task (total of 192 trials), three words were presented on the screen at the corners of a triangle. Participants had to select which word pair was most closely associated in meaning. Responses were analysed using multidimensional Bayesian scaling. In controls, the first principal dimension was determined by word concreteness (\u03b2 = 0.39, P = 0.013) and valence (\u03b2 = 0.34, P = 0.028) and the second by word dominance (\u03b2 = 2.09, P = 0.0009) and arousal (\u03b2 = \u22121.45, P = 0.009). In patients, the semantic network changed to a circumplex configuration with valence as the unique dimension (dimension 1: \u03b2 = \u22120.72, P = 0.0005; dimension 2: \u03b2 = 0.46, P = 0.006) and no effect of word concreteness. In the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia, there is relative preservation of word valence as one of the organizational principles for the word network despite the loss of concreteness as organizing principle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T18:01:59Z","timestamp":1753293719000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Valence as principal dimension of the semantic space in primary progressive aphasia semantic variant"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8960-5601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonietta Gabriella","family":"Liuzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Meersmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7400-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Statz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Neurology Service, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Dusart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolien","family":"Schaeverbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yolande A L","family":"Pijnenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Centrum, Amsterdam University Medical Centre , Amsterdam 1081 ,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"De Deyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne University , Melbourne 3010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"Storms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rik","family":"Vandenberghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Neurology Service, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven 3000 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2277","article-title":"Where do you know what you know? The representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain","volume":"8","author":"Patterson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.01.006","article-title":"Heteromodal conceptual processing in the angular gyrus","volume":"71C","author":"Bonner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.150","article-title":"The neural and computational bases of semantic cognition","volume":"18","author":"Lambon-Ralph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"volume-title":"The measurement of meaning","year":"1957","author":"Osgood","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B4"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2016.11.003","article-title":"Dissociable substrates underlie the production of abstract and concrete nouns","volume":"165","author":"Cousins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290903512305","article-title":"Reversal of the concreteness effect in semantic dementia","volume":"26","author":"Bonner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.041","article-title":"Abstract and concrete categories? Evidences from neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"64","author":"Catrical\u00e0","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.004","article-title":"Broadly speaking: Vocabulary in semantic dementia shifts towards general, semantically diverse words","volume":"55","author":"Hoffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0911-6044(02)00016-7","article-title":"Verbs and nouns: The importance of being imageable","volume":"16","author":"Bird","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurolinguistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Consensus paper: current perspectives on abstract concepts and future research directions","volume":"6","author":"Banks","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cogn"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s42761-021-00032-2","article-title":"At the neural intersection between language and emotion","volume":"2","author":"Satpute","year":"2021","journal-title":"Affect Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht025","article-title":"The neural representation of abstract words: The role of emotion","volume":"24","author":"Vigliocco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X11000446","article-title":"The brain basis of emotion: A meta-analytic review","volume":"35","author":"Lindquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.03.002","article-title":"A network model of the emotional brain","volume":"21","author":"Pessoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029326","article-title":"Grief and joy: Emotion word comprehension in the dementias","volume":"26","author":"Hsieh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3850","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa313","article-title":"When affect overlaps with concept: Emotion recognition in semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"143","author":"Bertoux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035293","article-title":"Emotion perception, but not affect perception, is impaired with semantic memory loss","volume":"14","author":"Lindquist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2019.1606890","article-title":"The role of semantic memory in the recognition of emotional valence conveyed by written words","volume":"27","author":"Macoir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Neuropsychol Cogn"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.12.001","article-title":"Understanding in an instant: Neurophysiological evidence for mechanistic language circuits in the brain","volume":"110","author":"Pulverm\u00fcller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.11.005","article-title":"Emotions in word and face processing: Early and late cortical responses","volume":"69","author":"Schacht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01875-9","article-title":"A model-based analysis of the impairment of semantic memory","volume":"28","author":"Westfall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0662-4","article-title":"New methods, measures, and models for analyzing memory impairment using triadic comparisons","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70568-9","article-title":"Abnormal semantic network for \u201canimals\u201d but not \u201ctools\u201d in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"Chan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"14","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.07.006","article-title":"Are judgments of semantic relatedness systematically impaired in Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"47","author":"Hornberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.17.2.289","article-title":"On the use of scaling and clustering in the study of semantic deficits","volume":"17","author":"Storms","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000192","article-title":"Structure at every scale: A semantic network account of the similarities between unrelated concepts","volume":"145","author":"De Deyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(69)80058-7","article-title":"A psychological study of the semantics of animal terms","volume":"8","author":"Henley","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Verbal Learning Verbal Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-012-0314-x","article-title":"Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas","volume":"45","author":"Warriner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-012-0243-8","article-title":"Norms of valence, arousal, dominance, and age of acquisition for 4,300 Dutch words","volume":"45","author":"Moors","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"42","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26206","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000761117","article-title":"Proceedings of the 56th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: Long papers)","volume":"117","author":"Harami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6","article-title":"Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants","volume":"76","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00798-4","article-title":"Baseline cognition is the best predictor of 4-year cognitive change in cognitively intact older adults","volume":"13","author":"Schaeverbeke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","article-title":"FreeSurfer","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"20","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797","article-title":"Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images","volume":"97","author":"Fischl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1115-7","article-title":"The \u201csmall world of words\u201d English word association norms for over 12,000 cue words","volume":"51","author":"De Deyne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2014.04.010","article-title":"Norms of age of acquisition and concreteness for 30,000 Dutch words","volume":"150","author":"Brysbaert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0680-2","article-title":"Estimating affective word covariates using word association data","volume":"48","author":"Van Rensbergen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.3.643","article-title":"SUBTLEX-NL: A new measure for Dutch word frequency based on film subtitles","volume":"42","author":"Keuleers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43230","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043230","article-title":"Clearpond: Cross-linguistic easy-access resource for phonological and orthographic neighborhood densities","volume":"7","author":"Marian","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2015.1022560","article-title":"Word knowledge in the crowd: Measuring vocabulary size and word prevalence in a massive online experiment","volume":"68","author":"Keuleers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0938-y","article-title":"Statistical and methodological problems with concreteness and other semantic variables: A list memory experiment case study","volume":"50","author":"Pollock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00224-X","article-title":"Investigation of the single case in neuropsychology: Confidence limits on the abnormality of test scores and test score differences","volume":"40","author":"Crawford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116892","article-title":"Representation of associative and affective semantic similarity of abstract words in the lateral temporal perisylvian language regions","volume":"217","author":"Meersmans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1080\/02643299408251987","article-title":"Reversal of the concreteness effet in a patient with semantic dementia","volume":"11","author":"Breedin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognit Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021446","article-title":"The representation of abstract words: Why emotion matters","volume":"140","author":"Kousta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025082607520450700_fcaf281-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.020","article-title":"Episodic autobiographical memories over the course of time: Cognitive, neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings","volume":"47","author":"Piolino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"}],"container-title":["Brain Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf281\/63834695\/fcaf281.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/7\/4\/fcaf281\/63834695\/fcaf281.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/7\/4\/fcaf281\/63834695\/fcaf281.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T11:52:23Z","timestamp":1756209143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf281\/8211138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf281","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1297"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2632-1297"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"fcaf281"}}