{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T01:59:50Z","timestamp":1767837590901,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":267,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Eye-tracking (ET) metrics obtained during the Visual Short-Term Memory Binding Task (VSTMBT) have shown promise in detecting early and subtle alterations in individuals at risk for, or diagnosed with, Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) dementia. However, there remains a critical need for robust, automated classification methods capable of delivering affordable digital biomarker solutions for the preclinical detection of AD. This study aimed to address this need. A sample of 100 carriers (89 healthy asymptomatic carriers\u2014HAC and 11 symptomatic familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2014FAD) of the E280A mutation in PSEN1 from the widely investigated cohort in Antioquia, Colombia, and 119 healthy controls (Controls HCA: 91 and Controls FAD: 28) participated in the study. The groups were assessed using the novel VSTMBT coupled with ET and an extensive neuropsychological battery. Oculomotor behaviours were recorded using ET, and their analysis was based on Machine Learning classification using Random Forest (RF) Models. Classification accuracy incorporated both true and false positives and negatives. The RF models that incorporated oculomotor behaviours accurately identified FAD (Accuracy = 100%) and HAC (Accuracy = 96%), outperforming classification accuracy based on pure behavioural scores (FAD = 98% and HAC = 73%). The cognitive biomarker drawn from RF models that incorporated oculomotor behaviours accurately detected mutation carriers who inevitably develop FAD and outperformed traditional forms of cognitive assessment. The oculomotor phenotype unveiled here characterizes the preclinical stages of FAD, as it has been identified in most carriers, even those in the still asymptomatic stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T06:11:37Z","timestamp":1758780697000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Eye movements powered by artificial intelligence identify asymptomatic carriers of familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6081-6437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viewmind Inc., New York , Alpine, NJ 07620 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia , Medell\u00edn 050030 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Lopera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia , Medell\u00edn 050030 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Aguillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia , Medell\u00edn 050030 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario A","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1QE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025101603263600300_fcaf370-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0254-x","article-title":"The need for harmonisation and innovation of neuropsychological assessment in neurodegenerative dementias in Europe: Consensus document of the Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Diseases Working Group","volume":"9","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther."},{"key":"2025101603263600300_fcaf370-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12386","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12386","article-title":"Memory-driven eye movements prospectively predict dementia in people at risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Parra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025101603263600300_fcaf370-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020310","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.020310","article-title":"Globalising strategies to meet global challenges: The case of ageing and dementia","volume":"9","author":"Parra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Health."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025101603263600300_fcaf370-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12589","article-title":"Addressing the disparities in dementia risk, early detection and care in Latino populations: Highlights from the second Latinos & Alzheimer\u2019s symposium","volume":"18","author":"Quiroz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025101603263600300_fcaf370-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025101603263600300_fcaf370-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0387","article-title":"Association of factors with elevated amyloid burden in clinically normal older individuals","volume":"77","author":"Sperling","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025101603263600300_fcaf370-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2022.85","article-title":"Blood biomarkers from research use to clinical practice: What must be done? 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