{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:40:51Z","timestamp":1793317251918,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":294,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CG\/NUHS\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CG\/NUHS\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CG\/013\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CG\/013\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CG\/M009\/2017_NUH\/NUHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CG\/M009\/2017_NUH\/NUHS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/CIRG\/1485\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CIRG\/1485\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Reports of associations between bradycardia and elevated resting heart rate with cognitive decline are inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms unclear. Resting heart rate was recorded in a prospective cohort of memory clinic subjects, and the associations of resting heart rate with cross-sectional cognition, brain magnetic resonance imaging and circulating biomarkers (pTau-181 and neurofilament light chain), and longitudinal cognitive decline were investigated. Subjects with atrial fibrillation were excluded. Among 643 subjects (mean age 72.8 \u00b1 8.0 years, 57% female, 39% dementia), 35% had resting heart rate between 60 and 69 bpm, 23% had bradycardia (&amp;lt;60 bpm) and 42% had elevated resting heart rate (\u226570 bpm). Compared to 60\u201369 bpm, both bradycardia (&amp;lt;60 bpm) and elevated resting heart rate \u226570 bpm were associated with worse baseline global cognition (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and elevated resting heart rate additionally with worse Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of boxes scores (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and executive function on multivariable adjustment (P = 0.001). Longitudinally, resting heart rate \u226570 bpm was associated with accelerated global cognitive decline, and bradycardia with accelerated functional decline (Pinteraction &amp;lt; 0.05). Regarding neuroimaging and circulating biomarkers, bradycardia was associated with reduced grey matter volume, and higher levels of circulating pTau-181 and neurofilament light chain when compared to resting heart rate 60\u201369 bpm (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conversely, elevated resting heart rate \u226570 bpm was associated with higher burden of cortical infarcts, cerebral microbleeds and lacunes compared to resting heart rate 60\u201369 bpm, and higher white matter hyperintensity volume ratio and cerebral microbleeds compared to bradycardia (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Resting heart rate displayed a U-shaped association with cognitive impairment and structural cerebral abnormalities, and may be underpinned by distinct mechanisms. Further study of the mechanisms underlying resting heart rate and cognitive trajectories are warranted. Trial registration: National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board 2018\/01098 and 2010\/00017<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:25:00Z","timestamp":1760959500000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["U-shaped association of resting heart rate with cognitive decline"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Eugene S J","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre , Singapore 119074 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming Ann","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital , Singapore 609606 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University , Cambridge CB2 0SP ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9519-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anqi","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddie J Y","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siew Pang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre , Singapore 119074 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheuk Ni","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin Tong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangbo","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5434-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saima","family":"Hilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117549 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce R","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell K P","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayanaswamy","family":"Venketasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raffles Neuroscience Centre , Singapore 118700 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boon Yeow","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Luke\u2019s Hospital , Singapore 659674 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Mark","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre , Singapore 119074 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Christchurch Heart Institute , University of Otago, Christchurch 8011 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6063-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieng-Hsi","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre , Singapore 119074 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L H","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System , Singapore 117599 ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21m14105","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.21m14105","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical correlates, cognitive trajectories, and dementia risk associated with mild behavioral impairment in asians","volume":"83","author":"Kan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","author":"Collaborators GBDDF","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"10452","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the lancet standing commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"22","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs250","article-title":"Impact of resting heart rate on mortality, disability and cognitive decline in patients after ischaemic stroke","volume":"33","author":"Bohm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12495","article-title":"Association of resting heart rate with cognitive decline and dementia in older adults: A population-based cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Imahori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04600-y","article-title":"Associations between resting heart rate and cognitive decline in Chinese oldest old individuals: A longitudinal cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02576-8","article-title":"Resting heart rate, cognitive function, and inflammation in older adults: A population-based study","volume":"35","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.10.013","article-title":"Relation of elevated resting heart rate in mid-life to cognitive decline over 20 years (from the atherosclerosis risk in communities [ARIC] study)","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.05.030","article-title":"Heart rate, brain imaging biomarkers and cognitive impairment in older (&gt;\/=63 years) women","volume":"129","author":"Haring","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11080770","article-title":"Improvement of cognitive function and interleukin 1 Beta Serum concentrations following cardiac pacemaker implantation in patients with symptomatic bradycardia","volume":"11","author":"Martis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1159\/000213597","article-title":"Improvement of cerebral blood flow and cognitive function following pacemaker implantation in patients with bradycardia","volume":"40","author":"Koide","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"17","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad205","article-title":"Big tau aggregation disrupts microtubule tyrosination and causes myocardial diastolic dysfunction: From discovery to therapy","volume":"44","author":"Luciani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"22","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.08.073","article-title":"Abeta amyloid pathology affects the hearts of patients with Alzheimer's disease: Mind the heart","volume":"68","author":"Troncone","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.101912","article-title":"Bradyarrhythmias in cardiac amyloidosis and role of pacemaker","volume":"48","author":"Bukhari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14577","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14577","article-title":"Plasma proteomics for cognitive decline and dementia-A southeast Asian cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Sim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0075-z","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in atrial fibrillation","volume":"15","author":"Madhavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e035133","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.035133","article-title":"Associations of circulating platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 levels with progression of cerebral small-vessel disease, cognitive decline, and incident dementia","volume":"13","author":"Sim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B18","first-page":"xxvii, 886-xxvii","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1994","edition":"4th ed"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e036931","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.036931","article-title":"Left atrial myocardial mechanics: Association with cognitive dysfunction, cerebrovascular disease, and circulating biomarkers","volume":"14","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42834-x","article-title":"NULISA: A proteomic liquid biopsy platform with attomolar sensitivity and high multiplexing","volume":"14","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161041","article-title":"Association of central arterial stiffness and pressure pulsatility with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study-neurocognitive study (ARIC-NCS)","volume":"57","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241281137","article-title":"The relative associations of aortic and carotid artery stiffness with CeVD and cognition","volume":"45","author":"Robert","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202619666211231092630","article-title":"Association of nocturnal heart rate with white matter hyperintensity burden in cerebral small vessel disease patients","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Neurovasc Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.308674","article-title":"Resting heart rate trajectory pattern predicts arterial stiffness in a community-based Chinese cohort","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"23","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e027295","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027295","article-title":"Effects of carotid artery stiffness on cerebral small-vessel disease and cognition","volume":"11","author":"Robert","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"25","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.04.034","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: JACC scientific expert panel","volume":"73","author":"Iadecola","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215639","article-title":"Blood phosphorylated tau 181 as a biomarker for amyloid burden on brain PET in cognitively healthy adults","volume":"87","author":"McGrath","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1175-2","article-title":"Effects of physical activity and exercise on the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x","article-title":"The mini-mental state examination: A comprehensive review","volume":"40","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129051","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1129051","article-title":"Association between gray matter atrophy, cerebral hypoperfusion, and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"15","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000024523.82311.77","article-title":"Cerebral hypoperfusion generates cortical watershed microinfarcts in Alzheimer disease","volume":"33","author":"Suter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13084","article-title":"Plasma ATN(I) classification and precision pharmacology in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"19","author":"Imbimbo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105345","article-title":"Clinical value of plasma pTau181 to predict Alzheimer's disease pathology in a large real-world cohort of a memory clinic","volume":"108","author":"Cano","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"15","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012438","article-title":"Low cardiac index is associated with incident dementia and Alzheimer disease: The framingham heart study","volume":"131","author":"Jefferson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e318033ffd8","article-title":"Glycopyrrolate prevents extreme bradycardia and cerebral deoxygenation during electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"23","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70053","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.70053","article-title":"Sick sinus syndrome and high-degree atrioventricular block in dementia with Lewy bodies and other dementia subtypes: A study of approximately 73,000 patients with dementia","volume":"11","author":"Heyman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2013.02.010","article-title":"Bradycardia in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"29","author":"Robles Bayon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurologia (Engl Ed)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112901513746400_fcaf413-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15069","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of cognitive enhancers for treating Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and network metaanalysis","volume":"66","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["Brain Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf413\/64833439\/fcaf413.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/7\/6\/fcaf413\/64833439\/fcaf413.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/7\/6\/fcaf413\/64833439\/fcaf413.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T06:51:54Z","timestamp":1764399114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf413\/8294582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"fcaf413"}}