{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:02:17Z","timestamp":1793329337686,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Giovani Ricercatori","award":["GR-2016-02361225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2016-02361225"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ricerca Corrente"},{"name":"RRC"},{"name":"Coma Research Center"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003383","name":"CRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lombardy regional government","award":["IX\/000407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IX\/000407"]}]},{"name":"Key R&D Projects","award":["M112022YFWZ0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M112022YFWZ0003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Disorders of Consciousness, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) is known to be effective in distinguishing vegetative state\/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome from minimally conscious state, and when combined with MRI techniques, the risk of misdiagnosis decreases. However, FDG-PET studies on chronic patients with different etiologies (traumatic, vascular, and anoxic brain injury) are limited, and the association between metabolic activity and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) networks remains unclear. This study combined FDG-PET with resting-state functional MRI and MRI to assess: i) the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET metabolism in different etiological groups of patients; ii) whether resting-state fMRI networks presence or absence was associated with higher versus lower FDG-PET metabolism. A group of 84 chronic patients underwent FDG-PET (47 vegetative state\/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 31 minimally conscious state, and six emerged from a minimally conscious state), equally distributed in traumatic, vascular, and anoxic etiologies. Eight cases of covert cortical processing were identified. A subgroup of 68 patients also underwent resting-state fMRI. Standardized uptake values were calculated for these areas of interest: 10 resting-state fMRI networks, the precuneus, and a whole-brain mask. Patients in a vegetative state\/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome exhibited a significant decrease in metabolism compared to patients in a minimally conscious state across all areas of interest. Patients with covert cortical processing showed intermediate metabolic levels between the two diagnostic categories. The anoxic group displayed a severe decrease in metabolism compared to patients with traumatic and vascular etiologies. The highest diagnostic accuracy among the areas of interest was reached in the precuneus and medial visual network (Area Under the Curve, AUC = 0.82\u20130.83). However, when anoxic patients were excluded, the diagnostic accuracy did not reach statistical significance, although the medial visual network and precuneus retained a trend of gradually increasing metabolism as clinical conditions improved. Identification of resting-state functional MRI networks was associated with increased metabolism in all networks at the group level, even excluding patients with severe structural damage. FDG-PET proves to be a technique capable of distinguishing vegetative state\/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome from minimally conscious state even in chronic patients, although its diagnostic accuracy can be significantly affected by the etiology. There is a concordance between the metabolism level and the presence of resting-state fMRI networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T12:27:04Z","timestamp":1766406424000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["PET in conjunction with resting-state functional MRI for the study of chronic disorders of consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5088-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Deruti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6450-0202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean P","family":"Medina Carrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Stanziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Neurosciences Department \u2018Rita Levi Montalcini\u2019, University of Turin , Turin 10126 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovico","family":"D'Incerti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Children\u2019s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence , Florence 50139 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Sattin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri of Milan , Milan 20138 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Rossi Sebastiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5939-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca G","family":"Magnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Demichelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Picchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Benti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan 20122 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Grisoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria G","family":"Bruzzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Marotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan 20122 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan , Milan 20122 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rosazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Urbino Carlo Bo , Urbino 61029 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1197-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Nigri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan 20133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.279","article-title":"Disorders of consciousness after acquired brain injury: The state of the science","volume":"10","author":"Giacino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0414","article-title":"Impaired effective cortical connectivity in vegetative state: Preliminary investigation using PET","volume":"9","author":"Laureys","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.169","article-title":"Quantitative rates of brain glucose metabolism distinguish minimally conscious from vegetative state patients","volume":"35","author":"Stender","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.024","article-title":"The minimal energetic requirement of sustained awareness after brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Stender","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14151","article-title":"European academy of neurology guideline on the diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness","volume":"27","author":"Kondziella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00002","article-title":"A baseline for the multivariate comparison of resting-state networks","volume":"5","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-011-0636-y","article-title":"Resting-state brain networks: Literature review and clinical applications","volume":"32","author":"Rosazza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv169","article-title":"Intrinsic functional connectivity differentiates minimally conscious from unresponsive patients","volume":"138","author":"Demertzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24634","article-title":"Multimodal study of default-mode network integrity in disorders of consciousness","volume":"79","author":"Rosazza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12030355","article-title":"Resting-state fMRI in chronic patients with disorders of consciousness: The role of lower-order networks for clinical assessment","volume":"12","author":"Medina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6071","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11941-6","article-title":"Predicting neurologic recovery after severe acute brain injury using resting-state networks","volume":"270","author":"Kolisnyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.06.003","article-title":"Resting-state networks distinguish locked-in from vegetative state patients","volume":"12","author":"Roquet","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70094","article-title":"Detecting rs - fMRI networks in disorders of consciousness: Improving clinical interpretability","volume":"12","author":"Medina Carrion","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"niad026","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/niad026","article-title":"Covert cortical processing: A diagnosis in search of a definition","volume":"2024","author":"Young","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci Conscious"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02305-0","article-title":"The relationship among glucose metabolism, cerebral blood flow, and functional activity: A hybrid PET\/fMRI study","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2022.11.015","article-title":"Brain connectomics: Time for a molecular imaging perspective?","volume":"27","author":"Sala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00424","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.424","article-title":"Correlation between resting state fMRI total neuronal activity and PET metabolism in healthy controls and patients with disorders of consciousness","volume":"6","author":"Soddu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1861652","article-title":"Multi-center study on overall clinical complexity of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness of different etiologies","volume":"35","author":"Estraneo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e8e8cc","article-title":"Late recovery after traumatic, anoxic, or hemorrhagic long-lasting vegetative state","volume":"75","author":"Estraneo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51729","article-title":"Disorder of consciousness: Structural integrity of brain networks for the clinical assessment","volume":"10","author":"Medina Carrion","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.09.012","article-title":"Brain imaging in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: Pathophysiological correlates and prognostic properties","volume":"133","author":"Keijzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102601","article-title":"Multimodal FDG-PET and EEG assessment improves diagnosis and prognostication of disorders of consciousness","volume":"30","author":"Hermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4345","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14875","article-title":"Visual behaviors in disorders of consciousness: Disentangling conscious visual processing by a multimodal approach","volume":"52","author":"Sattin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526465","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.526465","article-title":"Preservation of language processing and auditory performance in patients with disorders of consciousness: A multimodal assessment","volume":"11","author":"Ferraro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040919","article-title":"Disorders of consciousness: Differential diagnosis and neuropathologic features","volume":"17","author":"Giacino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.033","article-title":"The JFK coma recovery scale-revised: Measurement characteristics and diagnostic utility","volume":"85","author":"Giacino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B27","first-page":"47","article-title":"The Italian version of the coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R)","volume":"22","author":"Lombardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000135","article-title":"The coma recovery scale modified score: A new scoring system for the coma recovery scale-revised for assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness","volume":"38","author":"Sattin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105206","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105206","article-title":"The coma research centre (CRC) multidisciplinary team, on behalf of which the present publication was submitted, acknowledges the following members: A neural network approach to fMRI binocular visual rivalry task analysis. Stamatakis EA, ed","volume":"9","author":"Bertolino","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9613-7","article-title":"The neural correlates of lexical processing in disorders of consciousness","volume":"11","author":"Nigri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015","article-title":"FSL","volume":"62","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B32","first-page":"1377","article-title":"DPARSF: A MATLAB toolbox for \u201cpipeline\u201d data analysis of resting-state fMRI","volume":"4","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"27","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504136102","article-title":"The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks","volume":"102","author":"Fox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24479","article-title":"How are different neural networks related to consciousness?","volume":"78","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4519","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24303","article-title":"Clinical subcategorization of minimally conscious state according to resting functional connectivity","volume":"39","author":"Aubinet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00001","article-title":"The neural architecture of the language comprehension network: Converging evidence from lesion and connectivity analyses","volume":"5","author":"Turken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36173","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36173","article-title":"Prognostication of chronic disorders of consciousness using brain functional networks and clinical characteristics","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B38","first-page":"32","article-title":"A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance","volume":"26","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Austral Ecol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00852-X","article-title":"Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders","volume":"3","author":"Laureys","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0940","article-title":"Metabolic activity in external and internal awareness networks in severely brain-damaged patients","volume":"44","author":"Thibaut","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"9942","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60042-8","article-title":"Diagnostic precision of PET imaging and functional MRI in disorders of consciousness: A clinical validation study","volume":"384","author":"Stender","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001404","article-title":"Resting brain activity in disorders of consciousness: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Hannawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.11.002","article-title":"Recovery of consciousness after brain injury: A mesocircuit hypothesis","volume":"33","author":"Schiff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B44","first-page":"203","article-title":"Measures of diagnostic accuracy: Basic definitions","volume":"19","author":"\u0160imundi\u0107","year":"2009","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac335","article-title":"Multimodal prediction of residual consciousness in the intensive care unit: The CONNECT-ME study","volume":"146","author":"Amiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00428-x","article-title":"Recovery from disorders of consciousness: Mechanisms, prognosis and emerging therapies","volume":"17","author":"Edlow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70164-9","article-title":"Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults","volume":"7","author":"Maas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00765-0","article-title":"Positron emission tomography after ischemic brain injury: Current challenges and future developments","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(03)00004-2","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow and metabolism after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A pathophysiologic and prognostic positron emission tomography pilot study","volume":"57","author":"Edgren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.282075066","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: Imaging findings from birth to adulthood","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2022.301","article-title":"Cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness","volume":"50","author":"Usami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci J Can Sci Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-015-0041-9","article-title":"The etiology and outcome of non-traumatic coma in critical care: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Horsting","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16149","article-title":"Multimodal approaches supporting the diagnosis, prognosis and investigation of neural correlates of disorders of consciousness: A systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Gallucci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00520","article-title":"Pre-surgical brain mapping: To rest or not to rest?","volume":"9","author":"Rosazza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08546-x","article-title":"Correspondence between cerebral glucose metabolism and BOLD reveals relative power and cost in human brain","volume":"10","author":"Shokri-Kojori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04499","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.04499","article-title":"Disruption of thalamic functional connectivity is a neural correlate of dexmedetomidine-induced unconsciousness","volume":"3","author":"Akeju","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6260","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0492-14.2014","article-title":"Local activity determines functional connectivity in the resting human brain: A simultaneous FDG-PET\/fMRI study","volume":"34","author":"Riedl","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22753","article-title":"Default-mode network functional connectivity is closely related to metabolic activity","volume":"36","author":"Passow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2026010811172450600_fcaf495-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106497","article-title":"Advancing the science of consciousness: From ethics to clinical care","volume":"180","author":"Farisco","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"}],"container-title":["Brain Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf495\/66113269\/fcaf495.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/fcaf495\/66113269\/fcaf495.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/fcaf495\/66113269\/fcaf495.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T16:17:35Z","timestamp":1767889055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf495\/8402247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf495","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"article-number":"fcaf495"}}