{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T02:24:30Z","timestamp":1788229470027,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012621","name":"National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012317","name":"UCL Leonard Wolfson Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015873","name":"National Brain Appeal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013790","name":"Brain Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001320","name":"Wolfson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031543","name":"Association of British Neurologists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017506","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant number 627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number 627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017506","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020172","name":"Royal National Institute for Deaf People and Dunhill Medical Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subjective time perception\u2014the modulation of elapsed clock time by sensory, homeostatic and psychological factors\u2014is fundamental to how we experience the world. People with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and frontotemporal dementia often exhibit clinically relevant symptoms of altered temporal awareness but these are poorly understood. Here we addressed this issue in a cross-sectional, case-control study of 60 patients representing all major Alzheimer (n = 24) and frontotemporal (n = 36) syndromes [mean age 68.8 (range 48\u201377 years); 28% female] and 24 cognitively well age-matched controls [age 69.4 (6.5) years; 50% female]. Subjective duration perception was assessed using an auditory temporal bisection paradigm, in which the task was to compare sound stimulus durations with learned (2 and 5\u2005s) reference intervals. We varied sound emotional valence and semantic identity (behavioural salience) to create four stimulus conditions: pleasant environmental (running water), unpleasant environmental (machine noise), pleasant human (laughter) and unpleasant human (crying) sounds. Psychometric functions were constructed to assess sound duration estimation (bisection point) and sensitivity (Weber\u2019s ratio), and participant groups were compared using linear mixed regression models. Neuroanatomical associations of altered subjective time perception (sound duration estimation) were assessed using voxel-based morphometry of patients\u2019 brain MRI images. All participants perceived environmental sounds as lasting longer than human sounds, unpleasant environmental sounds as longer than pleasant environmental sounds and pleasant human sounds as longer than unpleasant human sounds (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). In dementia syndromes, the effect of sound semantic category was accentuated: patients with nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia overestimated environmental sound duration, while patients with logopenic aphasia underestimated the duration of human sounds, relative to controls (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In addition, patients with typical Alzheimer\u2019s disease and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia discriminated sound duration changes less sensitively than controls, while patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia discriminated sound duration more sensitively than other syndromic groups (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Neuroanatomical correlates of auditory duration perception were identified for different sound categories, in distributed cortical areas previously implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases (all significant at P &amp;lt; 0.05, after correction for multiple voxel-wise comparisons in pre-specified regions of interest): precuneus (environmental sounds), supramarginal gyrus (pleasant human sounds) and insula (unpleasant human sounds). Our findings show that canonical dementia syndromes have clinical and neuroanatomical signatures of altered subjective time perception, linked to clinically relevant properties of sensory stimuli and the core pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The findings suggest a novel paradigm for characterizing these diseases, with diagnostic and management implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T12:36:20Z","timestamp":1766925380000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Subjective time perception in dementia: a behavioural and neuroanatomical analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5624-0527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u00ef-Carmen","family":"Requena-Komuro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3AR ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Systems Neuroscience , Hamburg 20246 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3AR ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elia","family":"Benhamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3AR ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri","family":"Sivasathiaseelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3AR ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy C S","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3AR ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, School of Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London SE5 9RT ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7973-8267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthipa","family":"Chokesuwattanaskul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3AR ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cognitive Clinical and Computational Neuroscience Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3AR ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J D","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3AR ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London , London WC1N 3AR ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B1","volume-title":"The confessions of Saint Augustine","author":"Augustine of Hippo S","year":"1947"},{"key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B2","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Poems of Andrew Marvell (2nd Ed.)","author":"Marvell","year":"1956"},{"issue":"1525","key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0003","article-title":"The inner experience of time","volume":"364","author":"Wittmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2555","article-title":"How do you feel \u2014 Now? The anterior insula and human awareness","volume":"10","author":"Craig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.06.008","article-title":"Modulations of the experience of self and time","volume":"38","author":"Wittmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1163\/22134468-00002004","article-title":"Time, emotion and the embodiment of timing","volume":"1","author":"Droit-Volet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Timing Time Percept"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03204158","article-title":"The perception of time","volume":"26","author":"Allan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Percept Psychophys"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11111502","article-title":"Subjective time in dementia: A critical review","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00291","article-title":"Altered time awareness in dementia","volume":"11","author":"Requena-Komuro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-06877-8","article-title":"Neurophysiological correlates of altered time awareness in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia","volume":"44","author":"Bracca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.07.001","article-title":"Autobiographical memory decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, a theoretical and clinical overview","volume":"23","author":"El Haj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6410(93)90014-V","article-title":"Precision and accuracy of subjective time estimation in different memory disorders","volume":"1","author":"Nichelli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16016","DOI":"10.1038\/npjamd.2016.16","article-title":"Time distortions in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and theoretical integration","volume":"2","author":"El Haj","year":"2016","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech Dis"},{"key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728344","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.728344","article-title":"Time perception in prodromal Alzheimer's dementia and in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"12","author":"Pai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1683379","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia: A clinical review","volume":"39","author":"Sivasathiaseelan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"2026010811274236800_fcaf496-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f4827","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f4827","article-title":"Clinical review. 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