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Our meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14 software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Seventeen randomized controlled trials with a total of 764 participants were included in the meta-analysis. iTBS demonstrated greater efficacy in alleviating negative symptoms immediately after treatment (standardized mean difference = \u22120.55, 95% confidence interval: \u22121.00 to \u22120.10). Improved outcomes were associated with stimulation targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, delivery of more than 9900 pulses across over 10 sessions, and use of a stimulation intensity at 80% of the motor threshold. The follow-up results indicated that the iTBS group exhibited greater efficacy than the sham group only at the 6-month mark (standardized mean difference = \u22120.56, 95% confidence interval: \u22121.10 to \u22120.02). iTBS also reduced Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale general and total scores, whereas no significant effect was observed for positive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our meta-analysis suggests that iTBS may alleviate negative symptoms in schizophrenia, with preliminary evidence of long-term benefits observed at the 6-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:40:11Z","timestamp":1769604011000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and long-term effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation on negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu 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