{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T04:08:02Z","timestamp":1779077282961,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":107,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry for Education and Research","award":["01GI0914"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GI0914"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry for Education and Research","award":["01GI1601I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GI1601I"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This longitudinal study aimed to identify the predictive role of choroid plexus enlargement for disability progression and its association with tissue damage in early multiple sclerosis patients. Forty patients with clinically isolated syndrome or early relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis underwent brain MRI scanning at baseline, after 2 and after 6\u20138 years. FreeSurfer segmentation was used for brain volume estimation, and the choroid plexus was segmented by use of an independent automated segmentation tool. MRI ratios (T1 weighted through fluid attenuated inversion recovery image values) were calculated after calibration and subtracting lesion masks. Lesion masks were eroded to obtain both lesion rims and centres, for which mean ratios were extracted in addition to normal-appearing white matter. Expanded Disability Status Scale and disease duration were collected from neurological examination. Between baseline and last follow-up, choroid plexus volumes increased, and MRI ratios in lesions decreased significantly, which was dominated by the decrease in clinically isolated syndrome rather than relapsing\u2013remitting patients and more pronounced in lesion rims than in their centre. Choroid plexus volumes were significantly related to MRI ratios within rims of lesions at baseline and within lesion centres after 6\u20138 years, but not within normal-appearing white matter. No associations between choroid plexus volumes or ratios and disability were found. We observed longitudinal changes of both choroid plexus enlargement and MRI ratios over 6\u20138 years in early multiple sclerosis patients. Choroid plexus enlargement seemed involved in the dynamic development of lesion destructivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T11:13:07Z","timestamp":1776510787000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal changes of choroid plexus volumes and MRI ratios in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6364-2743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britta","family":"Krieger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, , 44791 Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7484-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Bellenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, , 44791 Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2970-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dajana","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, , 44791 Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4973-3195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Sbaihat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, , 44791 Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7935-0095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Katharina","family":"Roenneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, , 44791 Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1735-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodoros","family":"Ladopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, , 44791 Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0997-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, , 44791 Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7223-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, , 44791 Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8562-9697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Lukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, , 44791 Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, , 44791 Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026051723464395600_fcag129-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028936","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis pathology","volume":"8","author":"Lassmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect 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A multicenter repeatability study on a traveling healthy volunteer","volume":"12","author":"Lukas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051723464395600_fcag129-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","article-title":"FreeSurfer","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2026051723464395600_fcag129-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117471","article-title":"A contrast-adaptive method for simultaneous whole-brain and lesion segmentation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"225","author":"Cerri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051723464395600_fcag129-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00525-9","article-title":"Deep learning segmentation of the choroid plexus from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Validation and normative ranges across the adult lifespan","volume":"21","author":"Eisma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS."},{"key":"2026051723464395600_fcag129-B17","author":"Schmidt"},{"key":"2026051723464395600_fcag129-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116137","article-title":"MRtrix3: A fast, flexible and open software framework for medical image processing and visualisation","volume":"202","author":"Tournier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026051723464395600_fcag129-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517709619","article-title":"Greater sensitivity to multiple sclerosis disability worsening and progression events using a roving versus a fixed reference value in a prospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Kappos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"2026051723464395600_fcag129-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105751","article-title":"Real-world evidence from Germany and the United States: Treatment initiation on low-efficacy versus high-efficacy therapies in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"88","author":"Papukchieva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord."},{"key":"2026051723464395600_fcag129-B21","unstructured":"R Core Team\n          . 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