{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T04:02:52Z","timestamp":1779768172791,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":135,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022099","name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022538","name":"Kinghorn Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1187607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1187607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1161466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1161466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Investigator Fellowships","award":["2035090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2035090"]}]},{"name":"Investigator Fellowships","award":["2016390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016390"]}]},{"name":"Lott by Golden Casket"},{"name":"Bruce Hyams Rising Star Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019891","name":"Australian Research Council via Future Fellowships","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT230100220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT230100220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019891","name":"Australian Research Council via Future Fellowships","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT180100082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT180100082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Research","award":["CE200100012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE200100012"]}]},{"name":"Inserm, Inserm International Research Project"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009516","name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009516","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Program of the European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["874721\/PREMSTEM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874721\/PREMSTEM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031366","name":"Network of European Funding for Neuroscience Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006103","name":"Domaine d'Int\u00e9r\u00eat Majeur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Questions d\u2019Int\u00e9r\u00eat Majeur"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004431","name":"Fondation de France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019009","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023214","name":"Fondation Grace de Monaco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023214","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022278","name":"Fondation des Gueules Cass\u00e9es","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-23-IAHU-0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-IAHU-0010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"\u2018Investissement d'Avenir","award":["ANR-11-INBS-0011- NeurATRIS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-INBS-0011- NeurATRIS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neonatal brain injuries, such as stroke, cause focal ischaemic lesions that often result in lifelong neurological disabilities, yet effective treatments remain limited. Early-phase therapeutic screening requires models that can reliably reproduce injury severity while minimising confounding variables, including prolonged or variable anaesthesia, surgical stress, and invasive procedures that themselves affect injury progression. Existing models of neonatal focal ischaemia often exhibit high mortality, technical complexity, and substantial variability in lesion location and volume. As a result, there is a critical need for a rapid, ethically refined, and scalable neonatal model that produces consistent cortical injury suitable for screening neuroprotective, biomaterial-based, and regenerative therapies. We established a minimally invasive photothrombotic ischaemia model in postnatal day 10 rats by administering intraperitoneal Rose Bengal (25, 40, or 60\u2005mg\/kg) and activating it with a fixed 10-minute exposure to 565-nm light through the intact scalp and skull. This incision-free protocol allowed a total procedure duration of 19\u2005min. We characterized dose-dependent effects on infarct volume and anatomical distribution, cortical atrophy, ventricular enlargement, apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), astrocytic and microglial reactivity (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP; ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, Iba1), and sensorimotor outcomes (wire hang, cylinder rearing, adhesive tape removal) at 1, 7, and 14 days after injury. Additional analyses assessed the reproducibility of lesion size across litters and explored sex-specific differences. A 25\u2005mg\/kg dose induced a reliable and well-localized motor cortex infarct with no mortality. Higher doses of Rose Bengal produced proportionally larger infarcts with greater subcortical involvement and more pronounced secondary atrophy. Across all groups, apoptotic signalling and glial reactivity remained elevated through 14 days, indicating persistent tissue injury. Sensorimotor impairments were robust at all stages, with deficits in forepaw use, endurance, and tactile response correlating with lesion volumes in the 25\u2005mg\/kg group. No significant sex differences were observed for any histological or behavioural outcomes. This refined neonatal photothrombotic model provides a reproducible, simple, scalable, and ethically optimized platform for inducing severe focal cortical injury. The model\u2019s stable injury territory, short, standardized procedure, and consistent functional readouts fill a major gap in current research tools and provide a practical foundation for early-phase testing of neuroprotective and regenerative interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:07:36Z","timestamp":1778760456000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A minimally invasive, scalable and reproducible neonatal rat model of severe focal brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3189-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Mondal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ross-Munro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayathri K","family":"Balasuriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3437-6915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle K","family":"Shearer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andjela","family":"Micic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Al Mamun","family":"Sohag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5365-5113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikaela","family":"Barresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Nisbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital , Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria 3065 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2308-2200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn F","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University , Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Gressens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, NeuroDiderot , Paris 75019 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8265-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora Y","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Newborn, Monash Children\u2019s Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria 3168 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne, Victoria 3168 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5901-0455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanie L Y","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Neonatal Services, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-6140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne, Victoria 3168 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6105-4553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Tolcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7828-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bobbi","family":"Fleiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3083 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, NeuroDiderot , Paris 75019 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.008","article-title":"Stroke in the developing brain: Neurophysiologic implications of stroke timing, location, and comorbid factors","volume":"148","author":"Hill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-4164","article-title":"Neurodevelopment after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"142","author":"Wagenaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02433-w","article-title":"Early predictors of neurodevelopment after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Baak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.050139","article-title":"Innovative hydrogel-based treatments for neonatal stroke","volume":"56","author":"Mondal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04193-9","article-title":"Early outcome-prediction with an automated EEG background trend in hypothermia-treated newborns with encephalopathy","volume":"99","author":"Gonzalez-Tamez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-010-0674-9","article-title":"Patterns of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury","volume":"52","author":"de Vries","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.7.729","article-title":"Postasphyxial hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonates: Outcome prediction rule within 4\u2005hours of birth","volume":"160","author":"Shah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-23005-9_33","volume-title":"Annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine 2023","author":"Mikkonen","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251366322","article-title":"Severe pediatric traumatic brain injury presenting characteristics: Abusive versus accidental trauma","volume":"42","author":"McNamara","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.4103\/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_980_24","article-title":"Clinical Spectrum of pediatric traumatic brain injury\u2014A prospective observational study","volume":"18","author":"Chalipat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067712","article-title":"The Australian and New Zealand brain injury lifespan cohort protocol: Leveraging common data elements to characterise longitudinal outcome and recovery","volume":"13","author":"Catroppa","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3511","article-title":"Trends in hospitalizations associated with pediatric traumatic brain injuries","volume":"122","author":"Bowman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11895-5","article-title":"Brain lesions in pediatric abusive head trauma: Prevalence, pathophysiology, patterns, and a classification system","volume":"36","author":"Hahnemann","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2016-0191","article-title":"Pediatric traumatic brain injury: Characteristic features, diagnosis, and management","volume":"57","author":"Araki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B15","first-page":"287","article-title":"Late intellectual and academic outcomes following traumatic brain injury sustained during early childhood","volume":"105","author":"Ewing-Cobbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2023.154260","article-title":"Avoiding brain hypoxia in severe traumatic brain injury in settings with limited resources\u2014A pathophysiological guide","volume":"75","author":"Godoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B17","article-title":"Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy","volume":"2013","author":"Jacobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005392","article-title":"Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and hypothermia treatment","volume":"143","author":"Arnautovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.206","article-title":"Intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy incidence and impairment at regional and global levels for 2010 with trends from 1990","volume":"74","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30415-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"18","author":"GBD 2016 Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B21","article-title":"Therapeutic hypothermia in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"288","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-012-0233-2","article-title":"Bench to cribside: The path for developing a neuroprotectant","volume":"4","author":"Ramanantsoa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-8-28","article-title":"Histological and ultrastructural comparison of cauterization and thrombosis stroke models in immune-deficient mice","volume":"8","author":"Mora-Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Inflamm (Lond)"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24349","article-title":"Chronic changes in oligodendrocyte sub-populations after middle cerebral artery occlusion in neonatal mice","volume":"71","author":"Frazier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.71","article-title":"Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation attenuates severe brain injury by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in newborn rats","volume":"72","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-7378-1-8","article-title":"Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia: Procedural pitfalls and translational problems","volume":"1","author":"Braeuninger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Transl Stroke Med"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00078","article-title":"Neonatal hypoxia ischaemia: Mechanisms, models, and therapeutic challenges","volume":"11","author":"Millar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11793-6","article-title":"Optimising the photothrombotic model of stroke in the C57BI\/6 and FVB\/N strains of mouse","volume":"12","author":"Knezic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14020152","article-title":"Dynamic changes in neuroglial reaction and tissue repair after photothrombotic stroke in neonatal mouse","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103703","article-title":"Preventive effects of neuroprotective agents in a neonatal rat of photothrombotic stroke model","volume":"21","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932447","article-title":"Impacts of perinatal induced photothrombotic stroke on sensorimotor performance in adult rats","volume":"62","author":"Brima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1159\/000544994","article-title":"Effects of light exposure duration on severity and long-term neurodevelopment following photothrombotic stroke in a neonate","volume":"48","author":"Jithoo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B33","first-page":"6","article-title":"Innovative hydrogel therapy: A novel approach for neonatal stroke treatment: 2025 oral presentation","volume":"61","author":"Mondal","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173413","article-title":"Surgery increases cell death and induces changes in gene expression compared with anesthesia alone in the developing piglet brain","volume":"12","author":"Broad","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010061","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic outcomes after neonatal stroke and hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"19","author":"Charriaut-Marlangue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.04.001","article-title":"Brain development in rodents and humans: Identifying benchmarks of maturation and vulnerability to injury across species","volume":"106-107","author":"Semple","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170513","article-title":"Induction of reproducible brain infarction by photochemically initiated thrombosis","volume":"17","author":"Watson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7368","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5746-12.2013","article-title":"Modeling transformations of neurodevelopmental sequences across mammalian species","volume":"33","author":"Workman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1385\/NI:5:1:79","article-title":"Web-based method for translating neurodevelopment from laboratory species to humans","volume":"5","author":"Clancy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.11.001","article-title":"Role of microglia in a mouse model of paediatric traumatic brain injury","volume":"63","author":"Chhor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23911","article-title":"Contribution of mast cells to injury mechanisms in a mouse model of pediatric traumatic brain injury","volume":"94","author":"Moretti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B42","volume-title":"The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"2013","edition":"Hard cover ed"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000094730.38343.73","article-title":"Photothrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion laser system in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"34","author":"Yao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-70","article-title":"Neuroprotection by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A in a model of lipopolysaccharide-sensitised neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury","volume":"9","author":"Fleiss","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02075-y","article-title":"Severe intraventricular hemorrhage causes long-lasting structural damage in a preterm rabbit pup model","volume":"92","author":"Romantsik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26263","article-title":"miR-146b protects the perinatal brain against microglia-induced hypomyelination","volume":"91","author":"Bokobza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.11.035","article-title":"Effect of maternal administration of allopregnanolone before birth asphyxia on neonatal hippocampal function in the spiny mouse","volume":"1433","author":"Fleiss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.6030\/1939-067X-2.2.2","article-title":"RODENT STROKE MODEL GUIDELINES FOR PRECLINICAL STROKE TRIALS (1ST EDITION)","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Stroke Transl Med"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.619163","article-title":"Body weight after stroke: Lessons from the obesity paradox","volume":"42","author":"Scherbakov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.01.044","article-title":"Veterinary medical care in rodent models of stroke: Pitfalls and refinements to balance quality of science and animal welfare","volume":"572","author":"Gargiulo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1170675","article-title":"Preclinical models of middle cerebral artery occlusion: New imaging approaches to a classic technique","volume":"14","author":"Sokolowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184911","article-title":"Anesthetic effects and body weight changes associated with ketamine-xylazine-lidocaine administered to CD-1 mice","volume":"12","author":"Dholakia","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181b1be06","article-title":"Artificial rearing of rat pups reveals the beneficial effects of mother care on neonatal inflammation and adult sensitivity to pain","volume":"66","author":"de Medeiros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-14-37","article-title":"Improving basic and translational science by accounting for litter-to-litter variation in animal models","volume":"14","author":"Lazic","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2017.06.016","article-title":"Modification to the rice-vannucci perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy model in the P7 rat improves the reliability of cerebral infarct development after 48\u2005hours","volume":"288","author":"Edwards","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00792-2","article-title":"Methylprednisolone reduces persistent post-ischemic inflammation in a rat hypoxia-ischemia model of perinatal stroke","volume":"11","author":"Altamentova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.02.037","article-title":"Neurogenesis and neuronal commitment following ischemia in a new mouse model for neonatal stroke","volume":"1208","author":"Kadam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.595298","article-title":"Neonatal stroke in mice causes long-term changes in neuronal Notch-2 expression that may contribute to prolonged injury","volume":"41","author":"Alberi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22679","article-title":"Alterations in cortical morphology after neonatal stroke: Compensation in the contralesional hemisphere?","volume":"79","author":"Al Harrach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75450-6","article-title":"Stroke promotes the development of brain atrophy and delayed cell death in hypertensive rats","volume":"10","author":"Sayed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103151","article-title":"Chronic upregulation of cleaved-caspase-3 associated with chronic myelin pathology and microvascular reorganization in the thalamus after traumatic brain injury in rats","volume":"19","author":"Glushakov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.01.041","article-title":"Cleaved caspase-3 expression after experimental stroke exhibits different phenotypes and is predominantly non-apoptotic","volume":"1381","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01902-5","article-title":"Activation of the executioner caspases-3 and -7 promotes microglial pyroptosis in models of multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"McKenzie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.514","article-title":"Regulation of caspase-3 processing by cIAP2 controls the switch between pro-inflammatory activation and cell death in microglia","volume":"5","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-016-0512-4","article-title":"Evolutional characterization of photochemically induced stroke in rats: A multimodality imaging and molecular biological study","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B67","article-title":"Targeting persistent neuroinflammation after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy-is exendin-4 the answer?","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-55529-9_33","article-title":"Role of microglial modulation in therapies for perinatal brain injuries leading to neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"37","author":"Fleiss","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14120910","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of neonatal stroke and a critique of current and future therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Mondal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647","article-title":"Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo","volume":"308","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5099\/aj100100033","article-title":"Controlling the volume of the focal cerebral ischemic lesion through photothrombosis","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153809","article-title":"Early sex differences in the immune-inflammatory responses to neonatal ischemic stroke","volume":"20","author":"Villapol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-1706-y","article-title":"Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rat elicits a region-specific neurotrophic response in SVZ microglia","volume":"17","author":"Fisch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13020131","article-title":"Reactive gliosis in neonatal disorders: Friend or foe for neuroregeneration?","volume":"13","author":"Gargas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106340","article-title":"Global sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 deficiency attenuates neuroinflammation and ischemic-reperfusion injury after neonatal stroke","volume":"26","author":"Fukuzaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.012","article-title":"Neutrophil dynamics, plasticity and function in acute neurodegeneration following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"92","author":"Mulling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.11.016","article-title":"Reduced post-stroke glial scarring in the infant primate brain reflects age-related differences in the regulation of astrogliosis","volume":"111","author":"Teo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60858-x","article-title":"High-dose melatonin and ethanol excipient combined with therapeutic hypothermia in a newborn piglet asphyxia model","volume":"10","author":"Robertson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70058-3","article-title":"Tertiary mechanisms of brain damage: A new hope for treatment of cerebral palsy?","volume":"11","author":"Fleiss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134539","article-title":"Microglia in developing white matter and perinatal brain injury","volume":"714","author":"McNamara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12992","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2102-11.2011","article-title":"Microglial cells contribute to endogenous brain defenses after acute neonatal focal stroke","volume":"31","author":"Faustino","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.300439","article-title":"Microglial depletion and repopulation: A new era of regenerative medicine?","volume":"16","author":"Barnett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24190","article-title":"A unique cerebellar pattern of microglia activation in a mouse model of encephalopathy of prematurity","volume":"70","author":"Klein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05534-y","article-title":"Microglia regulate central nervous system myelin growth and integrity","volume":"613","author":"McNamara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100999","article-title":"The genetic landscape of ischemic stroke in children\u2014Current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"44","author":"Hausman-Kedem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.7","article-title":"Lasting pure-motor deficits after focal posterior internal capsule white-matter infarcts in rats","volume":"35","author":"Blasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.7","article-title":"Multimodal examination of structural and functional remapping in the mouse photothrombotic stroke model","volume":"33","author":"Clarkson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968318817823","article-title":"Characterizing spontaneous motor recovery following cortical and subcortical stroke in the rat","volume":"33","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.527853","article-title":"Development of a rat model of photothrombotic ischemia and infarction within the caudoputamen","volume":"40","author":"Kuroiwa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.185","article-title":"Assessing post-stroke behavior in mouse models of focal ischemia","volume":"33","author":"Balkaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10167","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3256-05.2005","article-title":"Extensive cortical rewiring after brain injury","volume":"25","author":"Dancause","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1243364","article-title":"Sex differences in neonatal brain injury and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Kelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5682","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.5c00996","article-title":"The importance of sex-based comparisons in preclinical nanomedicine and regenerative chronic wound therapies","volume":"11","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acs Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2022.07.006","article-title":"Sex differences in the mouse photothrombotic stroke model investigated with X-ray fluorescence microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging","volume":"13","author":"Newton","year":"2022","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00220","article-title":"Comparing postnatal development of gonadal hormones and associated social behaviors in rats, mice, and humans","volume":"159","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026052523082338200_fcag171-B96","first-page":"1431","article-title":"The laboratory rat: Age and body weight matter","volume":"20","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Excli j"}],"container-title":["Brain Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag171\/68295536\/fcag171.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/8\/3\/fcag171\/68295536\/fcag171.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article-pdf\/8\/3\/fcag171\/68295536\/fcag171.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T03:09:04Z","timestamp":1779764944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/braincomms\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag171\/8679183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag171","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"fcag171"}}