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However, studies have produced mixed results regarding the impact of mild cognitive impairment\u2014a prodromal stage\u2014when using traditional spectral power analyses during this sleep phase. It is increasingly recognized that electrophysiological power spectra are composed of two components: a rhythmic part, which reflects oscillatory activity, and an arrhythmic part, which represents the balance of neuronal excitation and inhibition. In this cross-sectional study, our objective was thus to determine whether cognitive impairment is associated with the non-rapid eye movement sleep rhythmic and arrhythmic components in older adults. Fifty-six cognitively normal participants (68.3 \u00b1 7.1 years old, 41% women) and 56 participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (69.9 \u00b1 8.6 years old, 41% women) matched on multiple variables (age, sex, education, body mass index, apnoea\u2013hypopnoea index) underwent a neuropsychological assessment and a night of polysomnography. Analyses focused on six channels of interest (F3, F4, C3, C4, P3 and P4). Significant between-group differences were observed for non-rapid eye movement sleep rhythmic and arrhythmic activity. Participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment had lower rhythmic power in the fast-sigma\/slow-beta range across all topographies investigated and higher gamma rhythmic power in the left parietal area. Participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment also showed lower mean gamma aperiodic exponents\u2014an arrhythmic activity measure\u2014across all topographies. Frontal rhythmic power in the fast-sigma\/slow-beta range predicted episodic memory in the amnestic mild cognitive impairment group. Our findings reveal alterations in both rhythmic and arrhythmic brain activity, indicating oscillatory changes and signs of hyperexcitability during non-rapid eye movement sleep in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T11:52:51Z","timestamp":1781869971000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered rhythmic and arrhythmic electroencephalographic activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep in amnestic mild cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Lafreni\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al , Montreal , , H4J 1C5","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montreal , , H2V 2S9","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Lina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al , Montreal , , H4J 1C5","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure , Montreal , , H3C 1K3","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre de Recherches Math\u00e9matiques, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montreal , , H3T 1N8","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al , Montreal , , H4J 1C5","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montreal , , H2V 2S9","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-\u00c8ve","family":"Martineau-Dussault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al , Montreal , , H4J 1C5","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montreal , , H2V 2S9","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Lorrain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre on Aging, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l'Estrie\u2014CHUS , Sherbrooke , , J1H 4C4","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , , J1K 2R1","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lyne","family":"Bastien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERVO Research Centre , Quebec City , , G1E 0N5","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"School of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec City , , G1V 0A6","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7554-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol","family":"Hudon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERVO Research Centre , Quebec City , , G1E 0N5","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"School of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec City , , G1V 0A6","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Gosselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al, CIUSSS du 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