{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:03:48Z","timestamp":1792785828592,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":249,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine"},{"name":"The University of Tokyo Hospital","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/022cvpj02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HIMEDIC Inc"},{"name":"Siemens Japan KK"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brain ageing is a major determinant of cognitive health, yet the extent of inter-individual variability in structural trajectories and its links to lifestyle factors remain incompletely understood. We conducted a single-centre, prospective longitudinal cohort study within an urban academic health screening programme in Japan (November 2006 to April 2021), with up to 15 years of follow-up. Among 10 209 individuals who underwent screening, those with more than 10 years of serial visits were eligible; 186 participants were excluded for major intracranial findings, 3 for cognitive decline during follow-up and 3 for contraindications or ineligibility, yielding 653 cognitively normal adults [207 women (31.6%); mean (SD) age at baseline, 55.1 (9.3) years]. Participants underwent serial magnetic resonance imaging and Mini-Mental State Examination, along with baseline assessments of lifestyle and vascular risk factors including body mass index, blood pressure, smoking exposure and lipid profile. Annual percentage change in whole-brain and regional volumes was estimated using linear mixed-effects models after harmonization for scanner effects, and participants were categorized as rapid atrophy, typical, or atrophy-resistant based on percentile thresholds. Across 7915 MRI scans, whole-brain volume decline accelerated from 0.24% per year in the 40s to 0.44% per year in the 70s. Individuals classified as having rapid atrophy in their 40s exhibited rates of decline of 0.46% per year, comparable to population averages in the 70s, whereas atrophy-resistant individuals in their 70s demonstrated rates as low as 0.27% per year. Faster whole-brain atrophy was associated with higher body mass index [\u03b2 = 0.027; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0058\u20130.049], greater smoking exposure (\u03b2 = 0.032; 95% CI, 0.012\u20130.053), elevated diastolic blood pressure (\u03b2 = 0.044; 95% CI, 0.021\u20130.067) and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (\u03b2 = 0.043; 95% CI, 0.021\u20130.065) (all P &amp;lt; 0.01). Utilizing an uncommonly long and densely sampled longitudinal design, this study demonstrates that structural brain ageing among cognitively normal adults follows highly heterogeneous trajectories, spanning from marked decline to near-complete resistance. Modifiable lifestyle and vascular risk factors were associated with faster atrophy, supporting opportunities for risk stratification and targeted prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:25:08Z","timestamp":1788773108000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term brain volume trajectories and lifestyle associations in cognitively normal adults: the BRAIN-STRIDE study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4276-6226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shohei","family":"Fujita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, 113-8655 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Juntendo University , Tokyo, 113-8421 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02129 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21287 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute , Baltimore, MD 21205 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3346-144X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kengo","family":"Onda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21287 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouhei","family":"Hanaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, 113-8655 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, 113-8655 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University , Chiba, 263-8522 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo, 113-8655 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5277-3249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akifumi","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, 113-8655 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Juntendo University , Tokyo, 113-8421 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3792-5368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, 113-0033 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemasa","family":"Takao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, 113-8655 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